Module 2 Sport and PE

Industrialization:Process in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when britain moved from a predominanley agricultural base to one where the economy was dominated by manufacturing

Urbanization: the process where by the mass of the population changes its lifestyle from living in villages and rural areas to living in towns and cities

Three Phases of British Society: 1: Pre industrial society, 2:Industrialization, 3:Post industrial. It is no coincidence thatmodern sport as we know it was developed in the first industrialized country in the world. it was developed in a world where certain social and economic conditions occured. Industrialization, effective communication, urbanization, affluent society, sufficent lesiure time and disposable income. Popular recreation was the type of activity undertaken by the working class in pre industialized britain such as Mob football, the characteristics of these games were: -being occasional due to lack of free time, -having only a few simple rules, -participation based rather then spectator based, -physical force rather than skill, -violent, -lower class involvment, -local based, -limited equipment and structure

1839-1901 The victorian Era

The indutrial revaloution was in full swing during Victoria Reign, with many lives undergoing dramatic changes most notably through urbanization.

The changes the happend meant that workers from agriculture and cottage industries were mostly working in factories, this lead to cramp unpleasant conditions, and very regulated work, in fact Britain was known as the 'workshop of the world'

By the middle of the 19th century britain was the world leading industrail power and highly specialised in manufacturing, with half the population living in towns or cities, and this had risen to three quaters by 1901. This had also lead to a population growth nearly trebling to 37million.

Factory Reforms, closing early on wednesday, bank holidays, increased wages leading to workers having more disposable income.

Rational recreation: the middle classes changed the recreations of the working classes, giving them rules and codes of conduct.

The old popular recreation such as Mob football could not be incoperated due to the cramp conditions and having no facilities lead to poor health and resticted these games. the rational recreation games were introduced as the middle class wanted disciplined and productive workers, and also used them as a form of social control.

characteristics of these games were: -regular participation, - complex written rules, -highly structured, -spectator & participation based, -skills not force, -middle/upper class development, regionaly and nationaly based.

These games were made easier by the development of transport through rail it also encouraged participation in outdoor activites.

UPPER CLASS Ample leisure time, opportunities and choice

Role was to become landowners

Enjoyed cruel blood sport

Enjoyed traditional recreation activities

Established the amateur code, which had monetary and class distinction. Amateur should not be paid for participating in sport.

MIDDLE CLASS Emerged as a result of the industrial revolution

Wanted to copy the lifestyle of the upper classes and disassociate themselves from the lower classes (lawn tennis instead of real tennis)

Became the morale force in society with many reforms to working conditions and the banning of cruel blood sports.

Became the administrators of the governing bodies and agents of sports

LOWER CLASS

Also known as working class

Industrial revolution caused major changes in living and working conditions, urbanization.

Enjoyed popular recreations such as mob football and **** fighting until banned by the middle and upper classes

Became the Professionals in sport as they needed to earn money from sport in order to make a living

Women from this group had the least recreational opportunities.