Murder Causation

The but test or factual causation asks "but for D's actions would the consequence have occurred?" 

• Use either White or Pagget as a supporting case. 

Legal causation asks "Is D the operating and Substantial cause of V's Death"?

• Use Smith as a supporting case

Palpably wrong medical treatment - Jordan

V's own acts - Roberts 

3rd Party act - Smith v Littlewoods 

Natural disaster 

The thin skull rule is "Taking your victim as you find him" 

Use Blaue as a supporting case