· This tells you the number of H+ environments.
· You have to use a deutrerated solvent like CDCl3.
· You can look up the different chemical shifts on your data sheet.
· The area under each peak gives the ratio.
· The spin-spin coupling creates split peaks; these can be singlets, doublets, triplets, quartets...
· You take one away from the number of splits to get the number of neighbouring protons (n+1 rule).
· If the mixture is then shaken with D2O and a singlet disappears, this is an OH group or a NH group.
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