Purcell: Sonata for trumpet and strings in D major

• One of the countries greatest composer
• Died aged 36
• Sacred, Secular, vocal and instrumental
• Wrote first ever English Opera, Dido and Aeneas
• English

• Family of musicians
• Chorister in Chapel Royal
• Musical jobs (assistant keeper, repairer of King's Instruments, organ tuner of Westminster Abbey and occasional of copyist of music)
• 18 years old - Composer for King's violins
• 20 years old - Replaced John Blow as organist of Westminster Abbey
• Whole adult life spent as church composer and musician

• Written near the end of his life
• Published in 1964
• Trumpet - celebration
• Follows pattern to many of his Sonatas
• Imitation of Anton Corelli
• Used own marks (lively rhythmic energy, expressive and poignant harmony, adventurous chromaticism and a strong inventive melodic creativity)
• End of 17th century, Italians were masters of instrumental chamber music and opera
• Advance in violin technique, allowed greater tonal range than viol
• Showed off best performers skills

• Three movements (fast, slow, fast) vs Four movement structure
• Firm bass with florid melody
• Clear organisation of keys to reveal musical structure
• Contrast of texture between movement
• Longer structures within movements

• Natural instrument with no valves
• Most pitched in D
• Set of crooks to insert into tubing for key changes
• Purcell uses 10 different pitches from 9 harmonics
• Lowest two pitches for final section of 3rd movement
• Different sound to modern equivalent
• Tight lip pressure on higher harmonics
• Clarino - different mouthpiece, shallower cup, sharper edge to main bore (made lipping the out of tune harmonics easier)
• Best players - Manage instrument as soft as flute

• String orchestra - 6 or 8 violins, 2 violas, violincello, double bass and harpsichord or organ (basso continuo)
• Can be performed with smaller forces
• Short movements in length that are direct, immediate and concise

• High pitched trumpet
• Major key
• Upper Auxiliary notes
• Fast tempo - Pomposo
• Short note values - semi-quavers and anacrusis in Basso Continuo

• Short note values
• Sequence progresses
• Rise in pitch
• Anticipatory note (Bar 3)
• Trill at end

Melody: Fugal subject (violin 1 contours down and up)

Trumpet - high tessatura and conjunct (harmonic series)

Sequential

Two bar interval but occasionally stretto

Inverted melody bar 33 and played down a perfect 4th

Rhythm: Fast rhythm - allegro 

Repetitive

Hemiola

Texture: Polyphonic

Antiphonal which is quite homophonic

Bar 27 - polarised texture

Differences

• Slower tempo ( pomposo —> andante maestros)
• Use of rests
• Instrumentation - no trumpet, violin has melody
• Key - B minor
• Homophonic - no antiphony
• Longer note values 
• Static movement - crotchet led
• No ornamentation
• Interesting harmony - greater use of 7th chords
• More chromaticism/chromatic harmony
• Imitation between parts

Similarities:

• Diatonic harmony
• Harmonic structure
• 4-3 suspensions
• Finish in D major