Social Development
- Created by: MackenzieDearden
- Created on: 20-12-17 15:31
Stages of Play
Social Development- learning how to interact socially with other individuals in the family and society in general. It enables people to develop relationships.
Children learn and practice basic social skills through play.
They develop a sense of self interaction with other children, how to make friends and how to role play.
Types of Play
Solo Play (0-2 years)- In infancy this type of play is common due to limited social, cognitive and physical skills. Children play on their own and can explore their environment at their own pace. This helps with attention, self-reliance, trial and error and increasing self-esteem.
Parallel Play (2-3 years)- Children move on from solo play to playing alongside other children. They have not learnt sharing skils yet, so they need their own independent activity whilst being near another child. They will show an interest in what other children are doing.
Co-operative Play (3-8 years)- Children widen their social network and form relationships. Emotional development increases at this age range and children learn and recognise others emotions which helps them to play co-operatively with others.
Social Development Milestones- Birth-2 years
Birth-1 year (solo play)- Looks at adults closely, puts things into mouth and touches things with hands. Plays alone with toys. Gradually begins to play simple games, e.g. peek-a-boo and begins to explore toys alone.
12-18 months (solo play)- Begins to play and talk alone, repeats actions and starts to play with adults, notices other children.
18 months- 2 years (parallel play)- Begins to enjoy repetitive actions, such as putting objects into boxes and taking them back out. Begins to copy other children and adults. Enjoys playing with adults as well as on their own. Learns to complete tasks through trial and error.
Social Development Milestones- 3-8 years
3-4 years ( Associative play)- Begins to play co-operatively with other children and starts to show reasoning skills by asking questions, such as 'why?' and 'how?'. They will join in pretend and fantasy games, negotiating and taking on roles.
4-6 years (Co-operative play)- Begins to use simple rules in games. Plays co-operatively towards a shared goal and takes turns when playing tabletop games with other children.
6-8 years (Co-operative play)- Begins to enjoy playing in small groups, making up own games and rules. Enjoys understanding and using rules, but does not usually cope well with losing.
Social Development Milestones- 9-18 years
During adolescence a person's sense of self-worth may be more influenced by their peers than by their family. Adolescents copy the styles of dress, beliefs, cultural values and behaviours of their own network of freinds. Historically, adolescence was seen as a time of 'storm and stress'. Adolescents have to cope with the development of their own sexuality (the impact of sex hormones at puberty) and the social transition to full independence from the family. Recent research suggests that many adolescents experience a smooth transition to adult roles without serious conflict with parents.
Social Development Milestones- 19-65 years
During early adulthood, friendship networks continue to be very important. For most people, early adulthood is dominated by forming intimate partnerships and by the need to find employment/establish a career. For many people, marriage and parenthood represent major social developments in their life. In middle adulthood individuals experience time pressures that may limit their social activity. Mature adults may have to split their time between work, caring for parents, other family commitments and wider social activities. Some mature adults report a reduction in the amount of social activity due to these pressures.
Social Development Milestones- 65+ years
Following retirement, older adults have much more free time to develop friendships through taking up new hobbies, pastimes and travel. Others may choose to increase their involvement with close friends and family rather than extend their network of social contacts.
The Development Of Independence Through The Life S
Independence- lack of reliance on others, making your own choices and hvaing your own responsibilities.
You could lose your independence if;
- You have an accident
- Through old age
- Imprisonment
- Controlling relationship
- Illness
- Financial Issues
Independence Part 2
Impacts of not having independence
- Frustration
- Depression
- Embarrassment
- Lack of dignity
Infancy and Childhood- How Independence Is Gained
Dressing themselves
Brushing their teeth
Nursery- Socialisation
School
Knowing what they do and don't like
Hobbies
Adolescence- How Independence Is Gained
Friends
Can organise their own time
Friends influence opinions but these may be different to other friends and familiy
17 years- driving
Starting Employment- Gaining Independence
16-18 years
Managing budget and savings
Adapt from school to work
Mix with older people and learn from their experiences
Small income- afford to travel without parents & reinforces socialisation
Leaving Home- Gaining Independence
Sacrifices- lower standard of living
Housework
Paying bills
Juggle running a house, working, learning etc
Distant from relatives- little help
Starting a Family- Gaining Independence
Own family- separate from parents
Kids rely on you
Having to put your children before yourself
Less time for yourself
Lose financial independence- give up work and rely on partner
Middle Adulthood- Gaining Independence
Most adults at this age will have a full-time career so will be earning a fixed income, this means that they have financial freedom as they have to be able to distribute money for specific bills and they have to learn how to make financial sacrifices for their children.
Having an income allows them to choose what they spend their money on
Individuals are more likely to reach the peak of their career and they may have more disposable income which gives them more independence, choice and freedom.
Older Adulthood- Gaining Independence
Adults know their abilities
If they are in a care home and have support around them then they can still be independent.
Many people remian active in their 80s and 90s
Have time to develop IT skills, so they can use social media to explore new interests, relationships and it can help them to keep in touch with close/distant relatives.
Their are aids available e.g. mobility and sensory to help people remain their independence.
Early Adulthood- Cognitive Factors
Realistic manners
Pragmatic approach
Expert knowledge from experience
Abstract thinking
Independent
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