- A comparative test to show differences between data sets and whether these differences occurred by chance; the statistical significance of the difference
- All values ranked together (both columns)
- Lowest value ranked first
- Lowest U value compared to significance table
- U value is calculated; if exceeds U value in critical values table, there is evidence sufficient to reject null hyptothesis
- U value refers to normal distribution
- Does not identify reasons for difference
- Data must be ordinal (able to be ranked)
- Must have at least 5 samples in data set; no more than 20
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