Testudines 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyReptiles and DinosaursUniversityNone Created by: Becky_BerryCreated on: 22-11-23 09:51 Turtle Anatomy solid and inflexible skeleton, with bones growing in concert with the scutes carapace: the hard upper shell of a tortoise plastron: the underside part of a tortoise's or turtle's shell heart is essentially the same as that of squamates some testudines use cloacal respiration 1 of 8 Turtle Reproduction all testudines are oviparous, with clutched numbering 1 to >100 eggs use internal fertilisation testudines display multiples modes of sex determination: genetics sex determination, with both sexes known to be heterogametic temperature sex determination (type 1a and type 2) 2 of 8 Turtle Diet and Mycophagy mycophagy: fungus-feeding, which is common in mammals but also seen in testudines the movement of Madagascan tortoises suggests that fungi play an important role in their diet 3 of 8 Testudine Diversity - Introduction 351 species in 14 families primary divergence occurred around 205 million years ago 4 of 8 Testudine Diversity - Pleurodira Pleurodira: the side-necked turtles, a suborder of turtles which withdraw the head into the shell by bending the neck sideways contains three extant families: Chelidae: the snake-necked turtles, also known as the Austro-American side-necked turtles Pelomedusidae: the African side-necked turtles Podocnemidae: the Madagascan and South American river turtles 5 of 8 Testudine Diversity - Cryptodira CRYPTODIRA: the hidden-necked turtles contains 11 extant families, with 75 genera and around 250 species Dermochelyidae: a monospecific family comprising the largest marine turtle, the leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) Cheloniidae: the marine turtles, containing 6 species with cosmopolitan distribution in warm seas Emydidae: the box turtle and terrapins, a family of turtles that bask on land and enter slow-moving water to feed Geoemydidae: the pond turtles, terrapins, and sliders Platystenidae: the big-headed turtle, a monospecific family (Platysternon megacephalum) Testudinidae: the tortoises Dermatemydidae: a monospecific family containing only the tabasco turtle (Dermatemys mawi) Kinsternidae: mud and musk turtles Chelydridae: the snapping turtles Carettochelyidae: the pig-nosed turtle, a monospecific family (Carettochelys insculpta) Trionychidae: the softshell turtles 6 of 8 Testudine Migration and Magnetic Sense sea turtles use different navigate methods depending on where they are when on the beach they use visual cues to get the sea (e.g., moonlight) when in the wave refraction zone the hatchlings will use wave orientation to go into the open ocean when in the open ocean they use magnetic orientation 7 of 8 Testudine Threats and Conservation approximately 61% of turtle species are threatened or have become extinct in modern times threatened by habitat destruction, unsustainable exploitation for food and the commercial pet trade, and climate change leatherback sea turtles are often attacked when they come onto land to lay their eggs 8 of 8
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