Proto-oncogene - normal gene when altered by mutations, becomes and oncogene
Oncogene - gene that has the potential to cause cancer
Oncogenes contribute to cancer when overexpressed/overactive
Example - Ras pathway
Ras GTPase - monomeric enzyme that hydrolyses GTP
Hydrolysiation = conformational change between GTP-bound and GDP-bound states = change controls signalling pathway
Missense mutation - point muation
Ras missense mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61 alter product activity = MAP kinase cascade = increased cell proliferation
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