1. All the defeated countries lost land, and had to disarm.
2. They were all punished, following the pattern of Versailles.
3. Versailles, St Germain, and Trianon were the harshest treaties, and Germany, Austria and Hungary lost valuable industrial land. Bulgaria wasn't so badly treated because it hadn't played such a big part in the War.
4. Countries which were created or increased because of the treaties- like Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland- were now governing people of many different nationalities.
5. Czechoslovakia, for example, had 2 million Germans, as well as Slovaks, Hungarians, Poles, Ukranians, and over 6 million Czechs.
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