Tudor Historiography

Whiggish History

Focus on interactions with separate continent

Cultural History

Importance of European culture to aesthetics, taste and fashion

'Encounters-model'

Interaction and assimilation with continent rather than stringent focus on 'otherness'

Ralph Griffiths

A "series of occasions"

Ronald G. Asch

"its own specific culture"

David Starkey

By 1509 the court served the personal service of the king e.g. Grooms of Chamber

There were "three main phases: first decline from the centre of the royal establishment to an adjunct of Protector Somerset's household; second revival after 1549 and gradual re-emergence as a focus for political life; third, remodelling after 1553 to suit the peculiar requirements of a woman whom fate had paed at the head of a society dominated by men"

M.L. Bush

"became, inevitably, more formalised in its procedure and larger in its membership"

Hoak

Somerset virtually abandoned it and dispatched king's business in his own household

"Until 12 March 1547 Edward VI's council consisted of the sixteen exectuors of Henry VIII's last will and one other non-executor" 

From then until 13 October 1549, it consisted of twenty one members selected by the Duke of Somerset

Green (1874)

Elizabeth presented as a cool and skilful politician, cautious and moderate policies, restored national unity, set England on path to supremacy.

Larissa J. Taylor-Smither

Freudian psychoanalytical model = Oedipal complex

John Guy

Two reigns

Allison Heish (1980) (Feminist)

She's a token woman accepting "male notions of how the world was or should be organised"

Susan Bassnett (1988) (Feminist)

She was a symbol of active female assertiveness

J.A. Froude

Elizabeth was dependent on him

J.E. Neale (Historians of Second Elizabethan Age agree)

Reduced him to the secretary of a brilliant Queen

Bossy

Elimination of medieval Catholicism

1578 - Year Zero

Dillon

Construction of Catholic identity

Haigh

Survivalism

Duffy

Marian Restoration lay foundation for Catholic recusancy 

Carrafiello

The mission of Jesuit missions was political, not pastoral - aimed to overthrow Elizabeth

McCoog

Strengthen faiths of Catholics

Christopher Haigh

Successive Reformations

Norman Jones

Kaleidoscope of parallel Reformations

Ethan Shagan

Dynamic process of engagement between government and people, collaboration, not compliance

Christopher Marsh

"compliance conundrum"

Alec Ryrie

Early flourish but strang death of Lutherism

Revisionist - opening of archives in 1960s

MacCullock

Gradual shift towards Calvinism and Swiss Reformation

A.F. Pollard/A.G. Dickens

Coherent body of ideas providing theological inspiration, practical seedbed for Reformation

Eamon Duffy/Richard Rex

Loose, disparate and relatively insignificant

Quinn/Canny

Transatlantic phenomemon of English colonisation

Hiram Morgan

"There is nothing colonial about any of these activities: they are all recognizably European"