Favour cultural and educational renewal, localism, civic communitarianism, natural law and transcendent faith, and organic society while opposing abortion, feminism, and same-sex marriage.

Favour reduced government spending, lower taxes, deficit reduction, personalised accounts for social security, increased federalism, withdrawing from education- The Club for Growth is a pro-Republican organization that endorses fiscal conservatives in primaries against more moderate Republicans.-  (John Boehner, Mitt Romney, Eric Cantor, Tim Pawlenty, Paul Ryan)

 ‘the religious right’- Tea Party  – has become very powerful within the Republican Party, - against abortion, same sex marriage, tax payer funded cell research, doubtful of affirmative action, oppose illegal immigration, can be against big business and government -  (Mike Huckabee, Sarah Palin, Michele Bachmann and the Family Research Council)      

After 2004 seemed this was the strongest faction in the party- over 22% of the voters gave moral values as their main motivation for voting- contributed to Bush’s re-election. – but in 2008- Sarah Palin was thought to have alienated the moderates 

   Not strongly represented in the political sphere, but are most visible in publications (The American Conservative and Chronicles) and organizations such as the Rockford Institute and the American Cause. Their worldview is both socially and culturally conservative. Paleoconservatives generally favour gun rights, the War on Drugs, and states' rights and constitutionalism, whilst opposing abortion, affirmative action, and same-sex marriage. They are highly critical of multiculturalism. They strongly oppose illegal immigration and favour tight restrictions on legal immigration. Paleoconservatives tend to be economically nationalist; favouring a protectionist policy on international trade. In foreign affairs they are non-interventionist.-  (Tom Tancredo and Pat Buchanan)

promote an interventionist foreign policy, including pre-emptive military action against designated enemy nations under certain circumstances. They were the strongest supporters of the Iraq War - Neoconservatives are willing to act unilaterally when they believe it serves a moral position to do so, such as the spread of democracy.- (**** Cheney)

Tends to be fiscally conservative/socially liberal or socially conservative/ fiscal centrist. Often share the economic views of other Republicans - e.g., balanced budgets, lower taxes, free trade, deregulation, welfare reform – but differ over: same sex marriage, gay adoption, abortion, gun control laws, environmental regulation, public education, immigration, death penalty, civil rights laws, drugs, cell research and anti-war. Moderate Republicans have seen their influence in the Republican party diminish significantly since the 1990s.  Once commonplace throughout the country, today moderate Republicans tend to be found in elected office primarily in the Northeast and the West.  Moderate Governors: George Pataki, William Weld, Paul Celluci, Jodi Rell, Jon Huntsman Jr., Jim Douglas, and Donald Carcieri. Current U.S. senators include Susan Collins and Olympia Snowe of Maine, Mark Kirk of Illinois, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, John Hoeven of North Dakota, and Scott Brown of Massachusetts.  John McCain- moderate for Congressional career-he moved considerably to the right on many issues during his unsuccessful 2008 presidential campaign.

Emphasise free market and minimal social controls. Oppose government social spending, regulation and tax’s. Do not mind gay rights but are split on abortion. – similar to the fiscal conservatives- do not believe in federal income tax and the IRS, many support a flat tax (one rate for all) or the Fair Tax. They also support free international trade.
-           Represented by the Republican Liberty Caucus- Ron Paul is the most visible member of this caucus- ran for president in 1988- and 2012 republican nomination
-           Senator Rand Paul, Barry Goldwater, Barry Goldwater, Jr., Representative Jeff Flake, Robert Taft, former  Governor Mark Sanford, former  Governor Gary Johnson, plus  Tucker Carlson to Clint Eastwood all identify with this faction.

 Rockefeller Republican, Republican In Name Only or RINO- The liberal wing of the Republican Party had ceased to play a significant role in the party by the 1980s, with most of the Rockefeller Republicans retiring, or being defeated in primaries by more conservative Republicans or in general elections by Democrats. Today, Liberal Republicans like New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg (who eventually switched to independent) often support a moderate-to-conservative fiscal policy, but support liberal social causes, such as abortion and gay marriage.

-           liberal Republicans include Rudy Giuliani, Jim Jeffords, Amo Houghton, Colin Powell,Jim Leach, Joseph Cao and former  Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.