unit 3 pe

Inclusion- a policy that no one should experience learning barriers because of their disability, gender, ethnicity, race,culture or social group

Disability exists in 4 categories:

1. Mental

2. Physical

3. Temporary

4. Permanent

Ellie Simmonds is an example of a Paralymian swimmer

It is a legal requirement that all facilities cater the disabled by:

Access- doors and doorways have to be wide enough for wheelchairs access and ramps need to be provided

Parking- disabled bays must be marked and made available

Provision- Lifts must allow access to upper floors and disabled toilets

• Increasing coverage- raise awareness
• Wheelchair and blind athletes feature strongly in televised coverage of London marathon
• Televised coverage of Paralympic games
• Dame Tanni Grey Thompson helping raise awareness

Inclusive Fitness Initiative

• Scheme set up by Sport england
• Aim=  ensure disabled people get profit from physical, social and psychological benefits associated with fitness
• Making it easier for all to participate in sport
• Provision of access to specialised equipment

What can be done to improve disability in sports?

• More specialised coaches
• More centres welcoming disabled participants
• more specialised equipment
• Access to facilities
• Lottery grants

Player/performer

Participating and performing in a sport/acitivty to develop performance

To improve good knowledge of skills, activity, tactics, playing positions and techniques are needed

There are structures for the performer to progress:

• School- provide the learning of fundamental skills and develop skills by providing clubs and teams
• Clubs- Reginal and local participation status can be gained and selection for internation events 

Sports participation pyramid

Foundation- pe and recreational sports (school)
Participation- sports clubs and leisure facilities- free time

Performance- local and regional coaching and training

Elite- olympic and paralympic 

Organiser

Bringing together the main ingrediants of a competition at the right time, place, in order to maximise promotion, participation and high quality performance

They oversee the event 

All aspects of arrangement are down to them:

• facilities
• time
• funds
• personnel (officials, volunteers)

Leader/coach

Training and instructing and individual or team to try and improve their level of performance by developing skills and techniques

Skills needed:

• good communication skills to share his knowledge of the sport
• knowledge of safety 
• how to carry out a risk assessmet
• observant to analyse performance

Official

Applying the rules of the activity and making decisions

Skills needed: 

• good understanding of rules and event
• good communication skills to share rules and regulation
• consistant decisions
• knowledge and criteria for scoring, measuring and timing events

Peers 

people of the same age/status as you

positive effects

• Support your views and participation
• encouragement
• listen to advice
• admire/follow their example
• join in with them 

Negative effects

• Go along with negative views
• choosing not to be active because your friends arent
• not going to training when your friend doesnt go 

Positive effects:

• Role model
• Financial support
• Provide transport for training and matches
• Encouragement and motivation

Negative effects:

• Poor role modal
• Lack of financial support
• Lack of social support
• Pressure to focus on academic work

Positive effects:

• Less of a recent issue
• more opportunities for women to play the same sport as men
• More opportunities for female roles within sport

Negative effects:

• Some gender differences do exist
• different payments for different genders
• different advertisments for sports 

A group of people with a common national or cultural tradition

Positive effects:

• Role models- increase in ethnic minority participation in elite support

Negative effects:

• Traditional views dont always support participation
• Influenced by visibility of role models of similar racial background
• Incidences of racial abuse 

Classification by body type

Ectomorph:

• Slightly built
• delicate body
• narrow shoulders and hips
• lean
• fragile

Endomorph:

• Round/pear shaped
• Narrow shoulders and broad hips
• Carry weight around waist and on hips and upper thighs

Mesomorph:

• Athletic build
• muscluar, large trunk
• broad shoulders, narrow hipps

Controlling risk in venues:

• strict health and safety
• police and stewards
• no litter
• no sharp objects

Competiton

• must compete in correct age, weight and skill group 

Outdoor and adventure activities:

• layers of clothing
• sturdy boots with grip
• temp drops as altitude raises
• whistle- attract attention
• first aid
• ensure everything works before leaving

Risks in games:

• experienced for competiton
• age group
• qualified officials in charge
• knowledge of rules and sport
• play within the rules 
• spot dangers and prepare for them

Experience of the leader:

• should assess the ability of crew members before planning
• knowledge of safety procedures
• encourage weakest member
• correct decisions under pressure
• keep morale high

Risk assessments- form that outlines the possible risks of an event

the bodys response to a change requiring physical or mental or emotional adjustment

Consquences:

• agression
• increased arousal
• muscle tightness
• decline in motivation

Apprehensive- fear about the future

motivation- drive and desire to succeed

Anxiety-negative form o stress

Stress management techniques:

• relaxation
• deep breathing
• positive self talk
• Thought stopping

A state of extreme mental, physical tiredness as a result of extreme exertion

Consquences:

• Muscular fatigue- cause the athlete to stop completely
• concdentration levels might decline
• athlete make mistakes
• inncorrect technique
• can lead to injury if the athlete doesnt stop

feeling of stress and fatigue are linked- feelings of anxiety can cause stress and tension in the muscles 

Boredom/tedium- athletes who get bored in training are less likely to achieve

Negative feedback- athletes suffering from fatigue may look as if they are putting no effort in and may get critised

INTROVERT-

• quiet and shy
• prefer individual sports where skill and concentration are needed

EXTROVERT-

• more outgoing and confident
• prefer team sports
• high level of excitment

Technique:

• correct technique= essential to prevent injury

internally caused injuries:

• overuse injuries- performing/training too much e.g. tennis elbow
• sudden injuries- strain on the body

Externally caused injuries:

• foul play/incorrect actions
• impact injuries- contact/equipment
• equipment/clothing
• accidents

Dislocation- occurs at a joint where one bone comes out of its normal position against another

Sprain- overstretching or tearing of LIGAMENTS at a joint

Strain- overstretching of a muscle

Hypothermia:

cause- rapid cooling of the body

treatment- prevention - wear plenty of clothing, insulate casaulty with clothing/blankets, shelter casaulty from elements, provide hot drinks, send for help

Precautions:                                                           Soft tissue injury treatment:

• risk assessment                                                 R- rest
• warmup and warm down                                     I- ice
• follow the rules and code of conduct                  C- compression

                                                                              E- elevation

• raises motivation
• raises effort
• inc arousal
• adrenaline
• improve confidence

Causes of pressure/stress:

• playing infront of a crowd
• playing on your own
• playing after an injury

unwritten code of behaviour a player stands by when competing/not enforced by the rules

Where it should take place:

• after an injury
• respect in rugby
• a batters honesty in cricket
• in the face of defeat
• in the face of success

Bad sportsmanship can be punished by the referee in attempt to discourage players from behaving in that way

Rules:

• each game has its own set of rules
• infringement- action in a game that breaks the rules