World Cities Case Studies

 1 million, annual turnover $665m yearly.

Mumbai pop = 18 mil, expected to be 28.5 mil by 2020

 
Climate: summer 20-39. Winter 12-34. Tropical climate with monsoon weather

The problem: North of Mumbai has restricted growth as it lies across a peninsula where many commute to the CBD. Inevitable that Dharavi will be redeveloped but  

The solution: wholescale development, housing cleared in stages, some will be rehoused if they have lived thre since 1995. 7 storey tenemant to replcae the slum, the rest of the housing that is not given to previous residents will be sold or let on the open market 

Industrialisation caused shift in population from R-U led by southern part

1940- 1/3 of pop lived in urban areas 2000 this had increased to 4/5

2000 - approx 18mil lived in Sao Paulo met area and housed approx 1/3 of Brazillian industry

Rio has the second largest met pop. Rapid urban growth = physical and social issues. the demand for housing raised urban land values leading to middle class people in small densley populated high rises with poor infrastructure 

2011 census data
Biscot 1 way systems  18.7% own their own houses Density 109.5 per sq km
 50% of those of working population actually work

Bramingham    semi-detached houses 1 shopping area 33,4% have home ownership  73% of those at working age work

USA - edge cities in suburban areas. They have a complex transport system which adds to congestion, offices and CBD which also has shopping malls

The future of the UK 
2021 Englands population is predicted to rise 7% and number of households to rise by 18%
 Adult population to rise which creates a 77% growth in the demand for housing
  71% of new houses will be for single people as lifestyles change - later marriages and divorce

Solutions - Tax incentives to share homes, brownfield sites,

Greenbelts - undeveloped areas of natural land provide and open space for recreational activities or development opportunities  

St Ives Cambridgeshire

Off the A1123  8km east of Huntingdon. Homes on rural land and apatments in the centre

Good transport links for those who have to commute to London

25% of people living here have to commute daily, they face a 50 minute journey on the train but there are a range of transport servies that help provide a way for these people to work without having to face the daily congestion in London itself 

Gentrification

During the 1950's this was a very deprived area and in 1958 there were riots to go along with the bad name Notting hill was getting itself

The area was then worked on for nearly 30 years

The economy here was a lot more stable and the house prices rose as they improved

Nottinghill is now seen as a fashionable place to be seen with many restuarants and high class stores.
 Portobello Road is one of the most famous places within Notthinghill

During certain bank holidays a carnival is held which attracts just over 1 million people over the 3 day celebration and is seen as very similar and popular to Rio's well known carnivals 

Retail Case study

Located in the West Midlands
 Built between 1984-1988 but has continued to grow and expand even to the present day
  Touchwood in Solihull caused Merry Hills creation

It contains a cinema along with the shopping mall
 There are 8000 car parking spaces and attracts over 21 million visitors a year

In 2010 a new cinema was built with around 18 screens, new housing was built around this area to attract more people to it and a multi storey car park has been built to allow even more people to visit at any one time  

Touchwood Solihull

Open September 2001 and created 2000 retail jobs
 80+ stores with 20 restaurants and a mulit screen cinema

Found off the M42 between junctions 4 and 5 with 6000 car parking spaces.
 Touchwood is known for its contempory style with 3 arcades and courtyards with 4 sepeate gardents. It combines shopping with a day out of lesuire activites for families

Birmingham
 Bullring - 1930's it was a success, in 1980 the first department store here opened after a dip in the economy
 Brinley place - 1980's new urban neighbourhood was created with many office buildings to also create for work for those that could easily commute
 What does the future hold for Birmingham?
12,000 jobs, low crime rates, sustainable area, plenty of jobs and housing, local businesses thrive and renewable sources and greenspace being encorporated into the area 

WASTE
Landfill - Mumbai 4-7000 tonnes a day, 13% methane emissions produced here since 1972

Incineration - Bolton 20tonnes per hour = 1 mega whatt per hour

Reprocessing - Norway, 400,000 tonnes with 58% biowaste

Recycling - India  

Reduction - HP, ink packaging is down 80%

TRANSPORT

Thames Valley - London
 Cycling and walking are preferred options, DLR train useage is up 52% Borris bikes and congestion charges are also put in place

Cambridge - Pedestrianised 10-4 Monday- Sunday. Park and ride along with bikes are prefferd transport options and car parks are found away from the centre to reduce congestion.