All UK Zoos have to demonstrate an active involvement in conservation and/or research that furthers the aims of zoo conservation. They must also demostrate active involvement in educational programmes designed to raise public awareness about conservation issues.
The ZLA defines a zoo as 'a place where non-domestic animals are kept and which is open to the public at least 7 days of the year'. It excludes pet shops, circuses and animals kept privately.
Zoos must be regularly inspected
at least once per year
include provision for the closure of zoos and disposal of surplus animals
zoos must keep adequate records, prevent escapes and maintain a safe environment for animals and humans
during the six-year lifespan of the license, two of the annual inspections should be Secretary of State Inspections
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SSSMZP
Secretary of State's Standards of Modern Zoo Practice
specifies minimum standards that zoos in England are expected to meet
informs zoos about what the UK Government considers best practice
sets standards for:
conservation and education
transport
public facilities
staff and training
stock records
public safety
Five 'principles'
protection from fear and distress
express natural behaviour
animal health care
suitable environment
food and water
Gives categories to animals
Category 1 - Great Risk (e.g., wolves, big cats, elephants, rhinoceros)
Category 2 - Less Risk
Category 3 - Least Risk
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Pet Animals Act 1951
protection from disease and fire
any establishment that sells animals
protects the welfare of animals sold as pets
AWA being followed before license given
prevents pets being sold in the street
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Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976
regulates the keeping of certain kinds of dangerous wild animals
list of animals given
no person may keep any dangerous wild animals except under license granted by a local authority
develop and promote ways to prevent and control zoonosis
Health and wellbeing
Universal health coverage:
primary health care
improve access to essential medicines
sustainable financing and financial protection
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COTES 2018
The penalties for breaching offences relating to those controls
the Control of Trade in Endangered Species Regulations
Controls on the placse through which endangered species may be imported/exported
delivers its obligations rising from CITES
controls on the sale, keeping and movement of such species
example: illegal to forge documents
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Import of Live Fish Act 1980
authorised by the Fish Health Inspectorate to import
restrict in England and Wales the import, keeping or release of live fish or shellfish or the live eggs or milt of fish or shellfish of certain species
prevents invasive species and disease
covers all reasons for importing fish
even stricter for non-native fish
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BALAI Directive
Approved in 2002
governs the transport of non-domestic animals between EU member states, with respect to veterinary screening and animal health
governs the movement of live animals, semen, ova and embryos
non-BALAI approved premises in Europe can no longer import or export any primate species, and approval from the State Veterinary Service must be sought before any other species are transported to a non-BALAI approved zoo
new animals from non-BALAI approved zoos ust go into a 30-day isolation in an approved zoo
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