1.1 - An Introduction to Important Biological Molecules
- Created by: Osmium_76
- Created on: 08-01-20 17:54
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1.1 - An Introduction to Biological Molecules
Biological Molecules
Biological Molecules:
- All of the following molecules (excluding water) are carbon-based
Carbohydrates:
- Used to store and supply energy
- Can have structural uses (e.g. cellulose)
Proteins:
- Used for transport and structure
- The basic components of all: enzymes; hormones; antibodies; haemoglobin; ribosomes and many more biological molecules
Lipids:
- Part of: cell membranes; insulation and protection
- Act as a mild energy supply
Water:
- Important in the formation of many molecules and during metabolic reactions
Nucleic Acids:
- Made of nucleotides which form DNA and RNA
Enzymes:
- Made of proteins
- These are biological catalysts
Bonding and the Formation of Molecules:
Covalent Bonds:
- Strong bonds formed by sharing pairs of electrons
- Carbon can form single or double covalent bonds and each carbon atom will form four covalent bonds
- Covalent bonding allows the outer shell of electrons to be filled hence creating a stable compound or molecule
Covalent Bonding in Water:
- Oxygen need two electrons to have a full outer shell
- Hydrogen needs one electron to have a full outer…
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