1.1 - An Introduction to Important Biological Molecules

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  • Created by: Osmium_76
  • Created on: 08-01-20 17:54

1.1 - An Introduction to Biological Molecules

Biological Molecules

Biological Molecules:

  • All of the following molecules (excluding water) are carbon-based

Carbohydrates:

  • Used to store and supply energy
  • Can have structural uses (e.g. cellulose)

Proteins:

  • Used for transport and structure
  • The basic components of all: enzymes; hormones; antibodies; haemoglobin; ribosomes and many more biological molecules

Lipids:

  • Part of: cell membranes; insulation and protection
  • Act as a mild energy supply

Water:

  • Important in the formation of many molecules and during metabolic reactions

Nucleic Acids:

  • Made of nucleotides which form DNA and RNA

Enzymes:

  • Made of proteins
  • These are biological catalysts

Bonding and the Formation of Molecules:

Covalent Bonds:

  • Strong bonds formed by sharing pairs of electrons
  • Carbon can form single or double covalent bonds and each carbon atom will form four covalent bonds
  • Covalent bonding allows the outer shell of electrons to be filled hence creating a stable compound or molecule

Covalent Bonding in Water:

  • Oxygen need two electrons to have a full outer shell
  • Hydrogen needs one electron to have a full outer…

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