Acid, bases and oxidation rates

Arrhenous theory 

• Proposed in late 1800 to describe general characteristics of acids and bases 
• According to this theory, Arrehenius acid dissolves in water, dissociates to form hydrogen ions or protons. 

Amphiprotic Nature of water 

• Water, owing to the fact that it possess both acidic and basic properties is called amphiprotic. 

Conjugate Acid base pairs 

• Brosted-Lowry acid donates a proton to a Brosted Lowry base, base that accepts the proton becomes a conjugate acid. 
• Acid that donated the proton becomes a conjugate base 
• Product acids and bases are termed conjugate acids and bases. 

Acid and base strength 

• Are electrolytes 
• Dissolved in water, disscoation of the acid produces ions that conduct an electrical currenr
• Strength of an acid is measured by the degree of dissociation of the acid in solutiom 
• Resultt in the degree of dissociation, strong acids and base have strong electrolytes while weak acids and bases are weak electroloytes. 
• Important to note that acid strength is independent of acid concentrations

Self-ionization of weak and Kw

• Pure water is virtually 100% moleculear, small number of water molecules do ionize 
• Process is called self-ionization, occurs by the transfer of a proton from one water molecule to another, produces hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion. 

Definition of Ph 

• Temperature scale developed to allow us to indicate how hot or cold it is
• pH scale specifies how acidic or basic a solution is 
• pH scale has values that range from 0 to 14 
• A pH of 7 is neutral
• pH of a solutrion is defined as the negative logarithm of the molar concentration of the hydronium ion

Importance of Ph and Ph control 

• Solution pH and Ph control play a major role in many facets of our lives 
• Agriculture - crops grow best in asoil of proper Ph. Proper fertilization involves the maintance of a suitable pH 
• Physiology - if the Ph…