AQA Geography - Hazards keywords

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Accretion Wedge - The accumulation of material at the point of subduction.

Aseismic Buildings - Buildings designed to withstand or minimise destruction during an

earthquake.

Asthenosphere - The upper mantle layer of the Earth. It is semi-molten and approximately 2000km

wide.

Ash - Fine particles and dust ejected during an eruption, which can remain airborne as clouds or

accumulate on the ground.

Continental Crust - Crust that forms the continents of the lithosphere, on average 35km thick.

Continental Drift - The movement of tectonic plates, due to varying weights of crust. It was

originally thought that convection currents caused the movement of the plates, but now slab pull is

thought of as the primary driving force.

Controlled Burning - Intentionally burning vegetation with the aim of reducing fuel available for a

wildfire and disrupting the fire’s path.

Convection Currents - The circulation of magma within the mantle (asthenosphere). Magma is

heated by radioactive processes in the core and cools at the surface, and so circulates between the

two places.

Coriolis Effect - The Earth’s spin affects the movement of air masses and winds, depending on a

location’s latitude.

Crown Fires - Wildfires that burn the entirety of a tree (from top to bottom), often the most

destructive and dangerous type of wildfire.

Degg’s Model - This model shows that a hazard becomes a disaster if it affects a vulnerable

population.

Epicentre – The point on the surface, directly above the earthquake's origin.

Fatalism - The belief that hazards are uncontrollable, so any losses should be accepted and

mitigation is unnecessary.

Fire Breaks - The felling of trees and clearing vegetation to create a gap to disrupt a wildfire’s path.

Focus – The place in the crust where the pressure/seismic energy is released.

Ground Fires - Wildfires that burn through the peat and vegetation beneath the surface, making

them slow but difficult to extinguish.

Hazard Management Cycle - The sequence of governance of a…

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