Biology

Biology

Movement – all living things move

Reproduction – getting energy from food

Sensitivity – detecting changes in the surroundings

Control – have the ability to control their internal conditions

Growth – all things grow and develop

Respiration – making more living things of the same species

Excretion – getting rid of waste

Nutrition – taking and using food and other nutrients

Characteristics

Description

Nutrition

Feeding & eating

Respiration

Releasing energy in cells

Reproduction

Producing offspring

Growth & development

Increasing in size

Cells

Eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic cells

No. of cells

single

single/multi

Size

really extremely tiny

extremely tiny

Organelles

ribosomes, not membrane-bound

many, membrane-bound

DNA

single circular chromosome attached to cell wall

linear chromosomes in a nucleus at the center of the cell

Eukaryotic cells

Plants:

• These are multicellular organisms
• Their cells contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthesis
• Their cells have cellulose cell walls
• They store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
• Examples include flowering plants such as a cereal (e.g. maize) and a herbaceous legume (e.g. peas and beans)

Animals:

• These are multicellular organisms
• Their cells do not contain chloroplasts and are unable to carry out photosynthesis
• They have no cell walls
• They usually have nervous coordination and are able to travel
• They often store carbohydrate as glycogen
• Examples include mammals (e.g. humans) and insects (e.g. housefly and mosquitos)

Fungi:

• These are organisms that are not able to carry out photosynthesis
• Their body is usually organized into a mycelium made from thread-like structures called hyphae, which contain many nuclei
• Their cells have walls made of chitin (a protein)
• They feed by extracellular secretion of digestives enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products. This is known as saprotrophic nutrition
• They may store carbohydrate as glycogen
• Examples include Mucor (bread mold and was used to produce penicillin), which has the typical fungal hyphen structure, and yeast, which is single-celled

Protoctists:

• These are organisms that don’t fit in other groups;
• They are microscopic single-celled organisms.
• Some, like Amoeba, live in pond water and have features of an animal cell
• Others, like Chlorella, have chloroplasts and are more like plants
• A pathogenic example is Plasmodium, which…