BTEC Level 3 Unit 1: Muscular System

Chapter B: Muscular System

B1 Types of Muscles:

Cardiac: Non-fatiguing, Involuntary, Only found in the heart

Skeletal: Fatigable, Voluntary. Types 1, 11a and 11x

Smooth: Involuntary, Slow contractions

B2 Muscles in the Body:

Arms- Deltoids/Biceps/Triceps/Wrist Flexors/ Wrist Extensors

Posterior- Trapezius/Latissimus Dorsi/ Erector Spinae/ Gluteals

Anterior- Pectorals/ Abdominals/ Hip Flexors

Legs- Quadriceps/ Hamstring/ Tibialis Anterior/ Gastrocnemius/ Soleus

B3 Antagonistic Muscle Pairs:

Agonist: Prime mover, contacts

Antagonist: Relaxes

            Examples:

Hamstring/ Quds

Abdominals/Erector Spinae

Biceps/Triceps

Agonist/Antagonist

Antagonistic Pairs: Two or more muscles working together to allow movement

B4 Types of Muscle Contractions

Isometric Contractions: The length of the muscle does not change when under tension

Isotonic Contraction: Length of muscle changes to allow movement

            Concentric: Muscle shortens under tension

            Eccentric: Muscle lengthens under tension

(eeeeecentric produces a long sound when spoken= muscle lengthens)

Type 1

Type 2a

Type 2x

Low intensity exercise = muscular endurance

·        Slow contraction time

·        Large endurance capacity

·        High resistance to fatigue

·        Low force production

·        High capillary density

·        Red in colour

·        Increased number of…