Criminology Unit 4

AC 1.1- Describe the process used for law making. 

Goverment Process involves the green paper, white paper, bill, first reading, second reading, comittee stage, report stage, third reading, royal assent and act of parliment. The law must be approved by HM in order for the law to be put into place.

Judicial Process involves judicial precedent and statotory interpretation. Judicial precedent is when an origonal case makes a decision in order for all cases in the future that are similar have the same outcome. Statotory interpretation is when the judges are to interprete a law for the lay people. 

AC 1.2- The organisations of the Criminal Justice System.

There is the ministry of justice, police, Crown Prosecution Service, HM courts and tribunal service, HM prisons service and the national probation service. The ministry of justice are the people who oversee other agencies. The policecharge the criminals with the crimes. The CPS examine all evidence given and then decided whether to prosecute. The HM courts and tribunal service put the case to be held in court if the CPS decide to prosecute. The HM prison service provide the conviction and prison sentance if the offender has been found guilty. The national probation sevice is when prisoners who are on license are released into custody but are placed on probation and monitored clostly.

AC 1.3- Describe the models of criminal justice.  

There are two models the crime control model and the due process model.

The crime control model is used when we are in a conservative party and it is associated with right realsits. It focuses on controling crime as a whole and involving a harsh punishment with the aim of deterring criminals from comitting crimes. It focuses on the rights of the victim and aims at having a swift sentance so that justice can be served. However, some people may be found guilty even if they are not. 

The due process model is used when we are in a labour party and is is associated with left realists. It focuses on the rights of the suspects and finding evidence. It strongly believes in innocent until proven guilty. All evidence must be incontrovertable to insure just and fair verdicts are given. 'Due proccess' must be followed at all times. However, with this model, it can take a loner period of time to convict a criminal. 

AC 2.1- Explain forms of social control. 

There are three forms of social control. Internal forms, external forms and control theory by Hirschi. 

Internal forms of social control include rational idelology, tradition and culture, internalisation of social rules and morality. Rational ideology is where you have uour own idea of what is right and what is wrong. Tradition and culture is where your religious beliefs/ cultural beliefs have rights and wrongs and you follow those beliefs. Internalisation of social rules and morality is where you learn the morals of society and you believe that they are right and you therefore follow them. 

External forms of social control…