End of Kulturkampf beginning of tariffs

Result of Kulturkampf:

• attempts to repress the church met with fierce opposition
• Pope Pius IX counteracted, threatening to excommunicate anyone who obeyed these new laws
• 30 out of 10,000 priests submitted to the May Laws
• Bismarck's hope of destroying the Centre Party only backfired, instead they gained more popularity because people felt sorry for them
• some Protestants even objected to the Kulturkampf because it affected their rights also

End of Kulturkampf:

• Bismarck accepted failure in 1878
• he underestimated the power of the Catholic Church
• by creating a rift between Reich and Catholics only caused more disunity due to the Kulturkampf
• improved relations were created with the Church after Pius' death in 1878 with Leo XIII taking over
• Falk was dismissed in 1879
• however the Catholic Church did not have overall victory, some of the May Laws were still compulsory such as the civil marriage and Jesuits remaining expelled

TARIFFS:

• in 1879, Bismarck removed free trade and ditched the National Liberals
• instead he began working with the Conservative parties
• he supported the idea…