Genetic and neural explanations (A03)

Problems with twin studies- early twin studies were poorly controlled and judgements related to zygosity were based on appearance rather than DNA testing. Therefore, they may lack validity. Furthermore, twin studies typically involve small sample sizes, and twins are an unusual sample in themselves and may not represent the rest of the population. Finally, most twins are reared in the same environment, which causes a major confounding variable as the concordance rates may have been due to shared learning experiences rather than genetics.
Support for the diathesis-stress model- …

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