Population Summary

POPULATION=

Why is there more people now than in 1990? (population explosion)

• improved medical care (vaccinations, hospitals, doctors, new drugs and scientific inventions)
• improved sanitation and water supply
• improvements in food production (quality + quantity)
• improved transport means (for moving food, doctors, etc.)
• decrease in child mortality

There are too basic types of population used to describe how many people live in a country. These are:

1. Under-population 

when a country has declined too much that it can't support its economic system. 

• shortage of workers
• less paying taxes
• schools, hospitals and transport routes are close due to there being few customers
• less inovation/ development
• hard to defend
• have to attract migrants

2. Overpopulation

when a country has too much population that it can hardly support it

(overcrowding, depletion of resources)

• unemployment (too much that the amount of jobs aren't enough)
• shortage of hospitals/ schools (not enough for everyone)
• shortage of housing (there may be a lot of people living in a small place because of this)
• congestion
• inflation (excess demand)
• shortage of water and electricity
• noise, air and water poullution

The population size is related to the amount of resources available (such as water, wood and minerals). But, what causes the population to change in size?

• migration = movement of people (or animals) from one country to another
• the more immigrants, the more people a place will have. This will cause an increase in demand as there are more people who need certain goods or services.
• birth rate = average number of live births in a year for each 1000 people
• higher birth rate means that  more people are born, which increases the number of people a country has.
• death rate = average number of deaths every 1000 people per year
• high death rate means that there's a decrease in population.
• fertility rate = average number of children a female is expected to have in their life time
• if a country has high fertility then there's an increase of population

Which are the main causes of change in population size?

• carrying capacity = number of people the enviroment can support without there being negative effects to the population.
• optimum population = number of people that…