Race and Racism Introduction

Introduction to Race and Racism:

The Modern Invention of Race:

• Race= definition and meaning has evolved over time.
• Social connections and categories.
• Complex term with contradictions.
• Race moves from an abstraction into a fixed and definable concept in the enlightenment.
• Enlightenment thinkers= period of colonial expansion= Europe is coming into being a specific group of countries.
• Emergence ofmid hierarchy- race and hierarchy= natural order.
• Race is a European construction.
• Enlightenment- rise of nationalism.
• Industralisation
• Snowden argues that skin colour isnt an obstacle to integration into society.
• Differences are mainly political
• Civilized vs Barbarian schism
• Race moves from an obstacle to a fixed and definable concept in the Enlightenment period.
• Enlightenment thinkers= period of colonial exanpansion.
• Europe is coming into being a specific group of countries.
• Emergence of mid hierarchy= race and hierarchy- natural order
• Race is a Europen construction.
• Enlightenment= rise of nationalism
• Industralisation
• False start and origin- Black Africans were common in selling of Antiqueties, slavery and soldiers. 
• Racism didn't exist in Ancient Greece because the concept didn't exist.
• The Greeks praised various African civilizationns including Nobians and Ethiopians so slavery was not racialised at the time.
• Social Pressure against mesegination not problematic.
• 19th century- USA- obsession with policy mesegination= keeping race separate.
• Greeks did understand differences= they viewed it as a product of humanity- different physical features those features that didnt make up the capacity of a person- the Greeks didnt divide because of natural features.
• Civilized Barbarian Schism- live brudishly and without a democratic form.
• Greeks are civilized and Barbarians are uncivilized without a government of order.
• Assembly- civilized citizens congregate.
• 2nd False start or origin= Medieval Europe and Spain- blood and religious belief
• Collapse of who constitutes as Christians
• Spain= first to come on ships.
• Use to word Ancestory and race.
• Jews are blamed for killing Christ= Anti-semitic thinking.
• Jews are involved in attacks- legally and religiously.
• Religion- idea of convesion- everyone should be apart of or assimilated into Christianity.
• Rise and hostile ideas= devil and defected blood= central bodies= central tenants in racial thinking years to come.
• Black plague= jews were tainting wells to kill Christians.
• Mythological stories= creae binary christians.
• Systematic attacks on Jewish communities 
• Reunification of Spain
• Jews and Muslims in Spain were offered the chance to convet= questioned the fidelety of their conversiona= Are they really Christian?
• New converts= band from some jobs- priesthood trading, universities= important forms ofexclusion.
• Conversion is a genuine project- they shouldnt be looked at suspiciously.
• Paranoia fears- women perpetuating judaism.
• Sexual behaviour of Christian women= controlled- resurgance of Judaism and Islam.
• Gender stereotype- acquisition of work.
• Racial thinking- at the core at different racial groups- the seed- they will have these characteristics- incapable of changing.
• 17th century= Islamic Empire- non Arab Muslims were seen as inferior to Arab Muslims.
• Curse of the hand= hejamatic narratives= son of Noah witnesses his drunard father and as a result is punished by God to be a slave of slaves.
• Race isnt specific- Arab scholars linked blackness with slavery
• Some read…