What is reproducton system

• Essential characteristic of living organism 

• Functional human male/female system needed for reproduction

• Always important 

Hormones

Female 

Oxytocin 

• Contraption of urine smooth muscle 

• Contraps breast milk 

GnRH

• Produce LH/FSH

LH 

• Causes follicles to complete maturation and undergo ovulation 

FSH

• Causes follicles to develop

Prolactin 

• Proliferation of endometrial cell, develop mammary glands, and positive feedback

Progesterone 

• Hypertrophy of endometrial cells, mammary glands and 2nd sexual characteristics 

Male 

Gonadotropin 

• Releases hormone, stimulates LH and FSH

Luteinizing hormone 

• Stimulates synthesis and secretion of testosterone 

FSH 

• Support spermatogenesis 

Testosterone 

• Stimulate development 

• Spermatogenesis 

• Develop sex organs 

• Develop 2nd sexual characters

The function 

Gametogenesis

• Production of gametes

• Reproductive cells (gonads)

• Male = testes 

• Female = ovaries  

Fertilization 

• Enables fertilisation of oocytes by sperm 

• Male duct system nourish/mature sperm and put it inside female 

• Female provides a passageway to fertilisation site 

Development and nourishment of a new individual 

• Female nurtures fetus 

• Breast milk

Production of reproduction hormone 

• Controls hormones

• Develop sex specific body form 

• Needed for reproductive behaviours

Anatomy - male 

What is it?

• Consists of testes, ducts, accessory glands (supporting structure)

• Ducts include epididymides, ductus deferentia and urethra 

• Accessory gland, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland 

• Supporting structure, scrotum, penis 

Scrotum 

• Saclike structure, contains testes 

• Divided into 2 internal compartments, incomplete connective tissue septum 

• Compartments marked by raphe, this extends to anus and inferior surface of penis 

• Wall of scrotum, superficial fascia, smooth muscle (dartos muscle) when it is cold it contaps and makes the penis small 

• Cremaster muscle, extension of abdominal skeletal muscle into scrotum, this contacts.

• Hot weather, dartos and cremaster muscle relax, allow testes to descent away 

Testes 

• Small, oval organs, 4-15 cm long, found in scrotum 

• Function as exocrine and endocrine glands 

• Major exocrine secretion is sperm cells, major endocrine secretion is hormonal testosterone. 

• Outer part of testis, thick white capsule that contains mostly fibrous connective tissue, tunica albuginea. 

• Divide each testis, 300 - 400 cone shape lobule seminiferous.

• Perineum 

• Area between thighs, bounded by pubic symphysis, coccyx posteriorly and ischial tuberosities laterally. 

• Divided into 2, superficial muscle/deep transverse muscle, male = base of penis scrotum and anus triangle. 

Descent of testes 

• 1-8 weeks, testes developed, retropited organs 

• Connected to a labioscrotal swelling by a gubernaculum 

• Swelling becomes scrotum 

• Testes descent toward the area where inguinal canals form 

• Extend through inguinal canal, enlarging the canal 

• 7-9 months, move to scrotum, process vaginals proceed it 

• Inferior part is in small closed sac, tunica vaginalis

• Surround most of the testis to the same way it surrounds the heart. 

Ducts

• After being released in seminiferous tubules, sperm cells pass through a series of ducts from interior of the testes until they exit the body through the urethra. 

• Sperm in seminiferous tubules move through tubuli recti to rete testis

• Pass through efferent ductules, leave testis and enter epididymis (Head, body and tail)

Ductus Deferens and ejaculatory duct 

• Ductus deferens emerge from the tail of epididymis, ascend along the posterior side of testis medical to epididymis, associate with blood vessels and form spermatic…