SOCIOLOGY COMPLETE GCSE CONTENT NOTES

SOCIALISATION

·       Socialisation – Learning how to be a part of society

·       Agencies of Socialisation – People/Institutes that teach you how to behave

1.       Primary Socialisation – between 0-5, main agency=Family

2.       Secondary Socialisation – between 6-15, main agency=Education, Peers, Media

·       Norms – Unwritten rules of society

·       Morals – knowing difference between right and wrong

·       Values – things you believe to be important

·       Culture – The way of life for a group of people

·       Cultural Relativity – when cultures are different

·       Cultural Universals – when cultures are the same

·       Dominant Culture – the culture most people in a society follow

·       Subculture – Minority culture that differs from the main culture e.g. emos

·        Status – Position within society

·       Ascribed Status – Position within society assigned to a person

·       Achieved Status – position within society that a person earned/chosen

·       Master Status – Position within society that the person defines themselves as e.g. mother over teacher

·       Role – Actions/behaviour expected of a person

·       Role Conflict – the clashing of roles for a person

·       Social Control – Ways of keeping an individual from breaking the law

1.       Formal Social Control – Severe punishments given if caught breaking rules e.g. Police

2.       Informal Social Control – Mild punishments given if caught breaking rules e.g. Family

·       Feral/Unsocialised – person that has not socialised with anyone e.g. Wild boy of Aveyron

·       Gender Socialisation – Learning how to behave as a male/female

·       Gender – A person’s identifying as Male/Female created by environment

·       Sex – Physical attributes a person is born with to make them Male/Female

1.       Canalisation – Buying different toys based on gender

2.       Verbal Appellation – Speaking to a child differently based on gender

3.       Manipulation – Frowning upon actions/interests of child that goes “against” their gender

4.       Different Activities -   Doing different activities with child based on gender

·       Feminism – Group of people that fight for equal rights for men and women

-          Radical Feminists – want to eliminate concept of Gender

-          Liberal Feminists – focus on equal rights in Law, workplace and society

·       First Wave of feminism – fight to get the vote & better education (19^th to early 20^th century)

·       Second Wave of feminism – Women’s liberation movement 60s – 70s

-          Equal Pay Act – 1970

-          Sex Discrimination Act - 1975

·       Glass Ceiling – women can only get so far in a career (despite higher GCSE and Degree level)

·       Dual Workers – Men and women are both working

·       Sociologists/Nurture Theory – A person behaves the way they do due to environment and upbringing. Conduct research through observations, interviews and questionnaires/surveys

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