2 major differences between prolaryotes and eukaryotes?
Compartmentation (different compartments play different roles in eukaryots) and genome size (bigger in eukaryotes partly due to cell compartmentation)
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how did eukaryotic cells evolve?
from symbiosis
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Major difference between plants cells and other eukaryotes?
plant cells contain plastids (chloroplasts) so can photosynthesise
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Why do genome sizes differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Plastids and mitochondria have their own genome Compartmentation requires more organisation and Mainly because of multicellularity (lot of different cells with different functions, which genes are expressed varies - lots of genes)
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How do we explain the differences in genome size?
Intragenic mutation, gene duplication, DNA segment shuffling and horizontal gene transfer (incoporation og genes from other organisms
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what is the consequence of multicellularoty?
proper cell reproduction/division and maintenance of cell identities Click
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How is a new cell created?
During cell reproduction, the contents of the cell are copied and distributed into two identical daughter cells.
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Why are there cell cycle control mechanisms?
Molecular control mechanisms exist to ensure DNA replicates once per cycle. Control mechnisms respond to external and internal signals.
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What are the different parts of the axial root section?
Epidermis, cortex, endodermis, xylem, phloem
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Describe the quiescent centre
Contains mitotic less active cells. Stem cells surrounding quiescent centre and cell division (root growth) to determine cell identity
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Root cell types differ in stress-adaptive potential - how can we use this to improve crop growth?
• Entry point into endomembrane system • Synthesis, processing and sorting of proteins • Anchoring sites for actin filaments -> vesicular-/membrane trafficking
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How are individuals cells connected?
By a continuous lumen
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What is the cytoskeleton
a network of filamentous protein polymers that permeates the cytosol
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What are the three major families of proteins:
• intermediate filaments • actin • tubulin
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What is the function of compartmentation?
Structural stability to cytoplasm Anchor for proteins and macromolecules Supporting organell synthesis Signal perception and transduction Trafficking of organelles and proteins Cell division (mitosis, meisosis)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
how did eukaryotic cells evolve?
Back
from symbiosis
Card 3
Front
Major difference between plants cells and other eukaryotes?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why do genome sizes differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
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