1 atomic structure

How are protons, neutrons and electrons arranged in an atom?

The protons and neutrons are in the center of the atom, held together by the strong nuclear force in the nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by electrons. Electrons are in orbitals or shells.

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Why is the number of electrons and protons the same in an atom?

Because an atom is neutral, and an proton is 1+ and an electron is 1-

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What is the atomic number?

The number of protons

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What is the mass number?

Sum of protons + sum of neutrons

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What are isotopes?

Atoms (of the same element) with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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Why do isotopes of the same element have identical chemical properties?

Because they have the same electron configuration

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What is the mass spectrometer used for?

To determine all the different isotopes present in a sample and therefore identify elements

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What does mass spectrometry tell us?

It tells us about isotopes and enables calculations of RAM of an element. It tells us about the structure of organic molecules and their RMM

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How do you calculate RAM?

(Isotopic mass × relative abundance) ÷ total relative abundance

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Define first ionisation energy

The heat energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to produce 1 mole of gaseous mono-positive ions

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Define second ionisation energy

The heat energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous atoms to produce 1 mole of gaseous di - positive ions

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1 atomic structure

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