A New Frontier
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- Created by: SatintheLabrador2007
- Created on: 02-05-24 09:23
Who was John F. Kennedy?
- In 1960, he was considered to be a young and charismatic candidate for the role of president.
- He told the people that the 1960s would be the start of a new era for America and that he was the ideal leader.
-Narrow victory against Richard Nixon.
- He told the people that the 1960s would be the start of a new era for America and that he was the ideal leader.
-Narrow victory against Richard Nixon.
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Kennedy's Inauguration
- Inaugurated in January 1961
- One of the youngest US presidents and well as the first Catholic president.
- His running mate, Lyndon B Johnson, became his vice president
- One of the youngest US presidents and well as the first Catholic president.
- His running mate, Lyndon B Johnson, became his vice president
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When did Kennedy first use the phrase "the New Frontier"?
- Kennedy first used the slogan ‘the New Frontier’ in 1960 during a speech before he became president.
- The phrase then developed into policies for reform and change.
- The phrase then developed into policies for reform and change.
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What was Kennedy's vision of the New Frontier?
- He encouraged Americans to be optimistic about the future, to look to science and technological innovation, such as setting the ambition for humans to reach the moon.
- He attempted to conquer problems relating to poverty, inequality and prejudice.
- He attempted to conquer problems relating to poverty, inequality and prejudice.
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How successful were these plans?
- Kennedy achieved very few of his plans even though the Democrats had a majority in Congress.
- This was because conservative southern Democrats often opposed Kennedy’s proposals.
- This was because conservative southern Democrats often opposed Kennedy’s proposals.
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What were the problems with poverty when Kennedy became president in 1961?
- The economy was suffering a major recession.
- Farm incomes were decreasing while unemployment was rising.
- The unemployment rate reached a peak of around 7.1% in 1961.
- Farm incomes were decreasing while unemployment was rising.
- The unemployment rate reached a peak of around 7.1% in 1961.
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Kennedy's Changes: Poverty
- He made available millions of dollars to businesses to create new jobs - companies received grants to buy new technology and train their workers to use it
- He increased the minimum wage from $1 per hour to $1.25
- He increased the minimum wage from $1 per hour to $1.25
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Kennedy's Changes: Poverty (contd)
- He increased social security benefits to give more financial support to the elderly and unemployed
-He got a Housing Act passed that enabled people in deprived areas to access loans to improve their housing
-He got a Housing Act passed that enabled people in deprived areas to access loans to improve their housing
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Kennedy's Changes: Poverty (contd)
- He established the Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity (CEEO) to make sure there were equal employment opportunities within government
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Kennedy's Limits: Poverty
- His proposed tax cut to stimulate growth was opposed in Congress but was passed after his
assassination
-His minimum wage reform only benefitted those who were in employment
assassination
-His minimum wage reform only benefitted those who were in employment
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Kennedy's Limits: Poverty
- The CEEO only helped people who already had a goverment job and not the unemployed or those in other industries.
- New technology meant fewer workers were needed so there was still high unemployment, especially among African Americans
- New technology meant fewer workers were needed so there was still high unemployment, especially among African Americans
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Kennedy's Limits: Poverty (contd)
- The Housing Act was limited and the poorest people could not afford to repay the loans
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What were some problems with healthcare when Kennedy became President?
- Many Western European countries had created a public national healthcare system in the period following World War Two.
- However, in America the healthcare system was largely a provare, so Americans had to pay for medical treatment directly from their o
- However, in America the healthcare system was largely a provare, so Americans had to pay for medical treatment directly from their o
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Medicare
Kennedy proposed providing medical insurance called Medicare to the elderly and people on low incomes. However, this was opposed and blocked in Congress.
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Problems: Mental Health
- Mental health was often not seen as a priority. - People with mental illnesses were often placed in state institutions for long periods.
- This area of healthcare received minimal funding and research, and so it was neglected by scientists and doctors
- This area of healthcare received minimal funding and research, and so it was neglected by scientists and doctors
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Kennedy's Changes: Mental Health
- This issue was close to Kennedy’s heart as his younger sister, Rosemary, had been born with an intellectual disability.
- He set up a research task force to provide recommendations on how to improve this area of healthcare provision.
- He set up a research task force to provide recommendations on how to improve this area of healthcare provision.
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The Peace Corps
- Kennedy established the Peace Corps, an organisation that sends volunteers abroad to assist people in less economically developed countries. They worked as teachers, doctors, nurses and technical advisers.
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Kennedy's Proposed Education Law
In 1961, Kennedy wanted to introduce an education law that would increase federal aid to schools.
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Opposition to this law
- Several groups opposed the idea, including southern Democrats, Catholics and Republicans. Southern politicians had previously clashed with Kennedy over civil rights. They were concerned that more money for education would lead to further desegregation i
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James Meredith
- 1962: despite opposition, Kennedy sent in troops and federal marshalls to protect university student James Meredith.
- He became the first African American to enrol at the University of Mississippi and faced violence from racists.
- He became the first African American to enrol at the University of Mississippi and faced violence from racists.
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When was Kennedy assassinated?
November 1963
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Criticism of Kennedy
- Most of his focus as president had centred around the Cold War.
- His policies related to US society are often criticised for not achieving much
- His policies related to US society are often criticised for not achieving much
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Mourning of Kennedy
He was widely mourned as he had attempted to address issues such as poverty, inequality and prejudice. He spoke about his commitment to civil rights. His planned civil rights bill became law, after his death with the passing of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Kennedy's Inauguration
Back
- Inaugurated in January 1961
- One of the youngest US presidents and well as the first Catholic president.
- His running mate, Lyndon B Johnson, became his vice president
- One of the youngest US presidents and well as the first Catholic president.
- His running mate, Lyndon B Johnson, became his vice president
Card 3
Front
When did Kennedy first use the phrase "the New Frontier"?
Back

Card 4
Front
What was Kennedy's vision of the New Frontier?
Back

Card 5
Front
How successful were these plans?
Back

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