Afro-American Literature

Body of literature written by American of African descendants. Begin before the war of Independance (1776) and full recognize in 1993.

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Enlightment

Philosophers of the 18th century who debate to know if the negros were human being or not. They believe that writting measure the sign of reason and measure the humanity of black people.

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Oral Tradition

Sacred form: To do with religion / Secular form: Not concerned religion.

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Negros spirituals

Religious songs, reflect the word as slaves see it. Methods of call response: single voice -> answer by a chorus.

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Gospel

Evangile type of religious songs. Influence by blues and jazz. Very rythmical music in Vernacular form. Delivered by a preacher. Ask for equality and denounced american society, like a political message.

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Blues

Invented at the beginning of the 20th century in New Orleans. Reflected the life of slaves, call-response pattern. Singer and intruments. Talk about everyday life, sad but alos hope for a better day.

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Jazz

Emerged in the first decade of 20th century in New Orleans. Influenced by work songs, European music, blues... Try ti imitate new Americana with new sounds. Idea of leaving, insturmental music, instruments seem to sing.

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Rythm'n and Blues / RnB

Funky and black dance music. It complain like blues but with rythm, urban phenomal. New king of Blues, not really interesting lyrics but sometimes political message.

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Hip-Hop

Born in the late 20th century, in Harlem. Influence by the black preachers, characteristics verses of Blues, radio DJ who talk between the recording and by Jazz singer vocalise. Not commercial music but lyrics often violence, glorifying money and sex

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Folck tales

Brought by the slaves in Africa. Talk about animals and children. Spectacle; slaves reunited and someone tells story.

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Fugitive Slave Narrative

New genre in American Literature. Preface by a white writer, story of a slave about violence, families broken, provok sympathy, climax was the escape.

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The Great Migration

Movement of population from the North to the South because of the poverty and of the Segregation also to find a better life.

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Realism

Literature that is a faithful reproduction or illusion of material reality.

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Naturalism

Very close to reality but francher and treatment of reality, pessimistic and scientific.

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Modernism

Represent a break with traditional representation and convention.

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Afro-American Literature

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