agression A03

strength of ethodological explanations

research support from tinbergen and his male stickleback fish, demonstrated the role of fixed action patterns and innate releasing mechanims- fish demonstrated agression in presence of specific sign stimulus- a red underbelly

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weakness

lehraman critises lorenz and suggests that agression is not simply innate in the form of IRM and FAPS but is actually much more complex, and learnt through experience due to enviromental factors- interaction between innate and enviroment- modified w exper

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lorenz wolves/ doves thory is wrong

suggests that animals that have powerful weapons wont kill each other, but this isnt the case as chimps kill each other, so do lions- its more systematic than accidental

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its a learning behaviour pattern rather than fixed action pattern

not as fixed and innate as lorenz suggested

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ritualistic agression has been demonstrated in humans as well...

changagon- tribe in SA

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strength of evolutionary explanations

research support from daly and wilson. found that murder rates in families in the US were higher in non- blood related family members, =us infants were 100 times more likely to be killed if they lived w step parent. makes evolutiunary sense cos offspring

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weakness

ethical implications- suggesting is evolutionary may justify male agression towards women

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weakness

its dominance which is attractive not agression(sandela) dont make sense cos mother would be in danger and her offspring- hasnt evolved cos its attractive..

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strength of neural explanations for agression

there is research support from summer to support the idea that the amydala is involved in agression. Through FMRI brain scans it was revealled that she had a tumour pressing agaisnt her amydala- causing her to show extreme agression

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however

when this tumour was removed, her agression became normal- suggesting that the amydala has a role to play in the production of agressive behaviour- but this was a case study, so has limitations

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general weakness of neural/ hormonal influences on agression

biologically reductionalist- while this may provide effective intervention to reduce agressive behaviour through decreasing testorne and increasing serotonin- its not a holistic explanation as whether somone acts on agression depends on other factors like

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biologically deterministic

someone will be aggressive if they have certain biological annatonomy, has serious and problematic implications on the legal system- should w reduce their sentance or let them go- as they cannot control it?

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however one strength is that

all evidience has used highly standarised reliable methods of investigation such as FMRI and MRI scans... research into hormonal/ neural influences is of high internal validity

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what is a strength of the genetic explanation of agression?

Mendick and huthcings demonstrated that agression runs in families, used 14,000 danish kids. found that 10.5% of kids with a non- criminal father were criminals, compared to 21.4% of kids w a criminal father. genetics linked too higher criminality rates.

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Research support for brunner for the existence of the warrior gene

casue study of an extended family from the netherlands, it was found that the males who had a history of violence and ****, had low levels of the MAOA gene- suggesting that extreme levels of agression result from genetic origin

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however, 1/3 of western males have this gene, its common- yet only a very small percentage are agressive, which suggests that

enviromental social factors must play a role.... the diathesis stress model may be more appropate, which suggests that agression may be genetic in origin(diathesis) but is then triggered by a stressor like early childhood abuse.

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practical application

research on the genetic origin for agression can lead to more effective treatment plams, stuart suggested that genetic screening can improve IPV treatment- because medication and behavioural intervention can be carefully targetted- practical implications

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research is highly contradictory

the genetic explanation suggests that low levels of serotonin result in agression, however neural explanations suggest that low levels of serotonin cause agression(as proposed in the serotonin deficieny hypothesis)- complex relationship.

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Strength of the frustation agression hypothesis

research support from doob and sears, who used a bus and distinguihsed between unjustified and justified agression- showing that agression results from frustation

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its too simple

ignores role of env factors and cues, cant explain why not everyone behaves agressively when they are frustated. may be due to a lack of env cues(beckoritz). ignores contextual factors like personality, previous experince- discussion of alternative theori

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and cant explain cold

calculated acts like murder.

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strength of SLT

mediating cognitive factors in SLT can explain why people react aggressively in some situations
and not others

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research support from bandura

bobo doll- demonstrated vicarious reinforcememt

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cant explain

reactive depression- and ignores biological factors

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strength of de-individuation

research support from dodd- showed that students would perform more agressive acts if they were less likely to be held responsible

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weakness

discuss how it dont explain agression in females- ignores role of biological factors and that there are other convincing highly supported other biological theories/ explanations

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real life application

it can explain agressive behaviours in online gaming services as these promote de-individtaion and reduce our personal idenity

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practical implications in CCTV

yeah man

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theres research support from delisi

and his collogues in california they found that those with negative depositional features such as childhood trauma, agressive personality traits, and history of violent trauma behaved more agressively than a control group w less.

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theres research support for the role of situational factors

in zimbardos prison experiment prisoners were mentally screened so that the most emotionally stable 24 parctipants were used- the excessive agression of guards must have been due to env itself

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realistically

its a combination of both- interactionalist approach is more holistic and should be used.... as its both which cause agression. for example griff showed that population densities and temperatures caused more agression than in a nicer prison

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therefore, practical implications

may caused increased funding in prisons, bettering the lives of inmates so that they can go through rehabitation and rejoin society

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whats a strength of media influences on agression

there is support for the carathic effect- the fact that agressive acts have decreased since the release of games, suggests that maybe people arent being agressive in the streets anymore but are inside releasing anger by playing games

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counterpoiunt,

this decrease in agression cant be assumed to be the result of games- may be due to other societal aspects of social change etc- however, research suggests that in young teen boys, from self report techniques- playing games made them feel more relaxed

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weakness

if media/ games are said to have a negative effect on agression, increasing it- then this whole idea lacks face validity, because since agressive vid games have been developed- agression acts have decreased.

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strength

theres research support for the idea that viewing agressive media has a negative effect- willams observed childrens behaviour in rural canada and in a playground before and after release of violent media- there was greater agression after

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we cant establish the true causes of agression

may be due to other underlying factors such as an individuals personality

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strength

its got practical implicatipons, as research can be used to shape public policy and age ratings around violent games etc.

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agression A03

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