Alexander III counter reforms

explain his motives

affirm the principle of autocracy in no uncertain terms

1 of 10

explain his manifesto on unshakable autocracy

29th April 1881 - Tsar would rule with faith in autocratic power. returning to an ideology which stressed Russian uniqueness, based on the orthodox church - unity of the Tsar and people

2 of 10

explain statute of state security

emergency powers - restrict civil liberties, prohibit gatherings of more than 12 people, prosecute anyone for political crimes - without court, emergency police rule, closed educational institutions/newspapers, 'temporary measures' remained till 1917

3 of 10

explain how he used control

Okhrana - decree of 1882, any citizen can be subject to surveillance, Tolstoy wanted gov officials control over peasants, gentry chosen as land captians -ruled rural areas could overrule local courts - deeply resented, censorship tightened

4 of 10

explain education

1884 - University statute, strict controls on uni reducing autonomy and student freedom, staff appointed by ministry of education, courses for women closed, church more control over primary, fees in 2nd schools raised excluding kids of lower ranks

5 of 10

explain local gov

1890 zemstva act reduced independence of zemstva, system to elect members changed and favoured land owners, still continued programme of improvement - famine. 1892 municipal gov act - 0.7% could vote in Mos/ St. pet - favoured rich

6 of 10

explain legsl

reduced scope of offences, court martial tried sensitive cases-avoid publicity, ministry justice could order trial to be held in private, crimes against state heard in special courts-no jury, judges appointed directly from ministry of justice,

7 of 10

what was the effect of legal reforms

huge increase in centralisation of power, local gov officials gain control.

8 of 10

explain repression following II's death

nationwide police offensive - 10,000 arrests, crackdown on anyone connected with terror, Okhrana recruited thousands agents who penetrated revolutionary groups, cab drivers listen to convo, post offices read mail, thousands suspected sent to exile

9 of 10

explain revolutionary groups

peoples will greatly weakened never recovered - effectiveness of reforms

10 of 10

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Alexander III counter reforms

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