Amines, Amides, Amino Acids and Polymers

What is a cationic surfactant? What can they be used for?

quaternary ammonium ion head is soluble whilst hydrocarbon tail isnt. used in hair products as +vecharged part attracted to -ve on surface so coats it preventing build up of static

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Why are ammonia and derivatives of it bronsted-lowry bases? Which is the strongest base and why?

lone pair on N donated to H+ forming dative covalent bond. weakest=aromatic as electron denisty pulled drawn into delocalised ring so lone pair less avalible. then ammonia. stongest=amine as alkly group pushes electrons onto N so electron denisty

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What 2 ways can amined be formed? what are their conditions

1-from haloalkanes with excess ammonia and heat 2-from nitriles (either by catalytic hydrogenation- nickle catalyst high t and p or using strong reducing agent-LiAlH and dilute acid)

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Draw and name the mechanism for the formation of amines from halolkanes

:

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How are aromatic amines formed?

reduction of nitrobenzene by refluxing with tin and conc.HCL and then adding NaOH

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Write 2 equations to show why amio acids are amphoteric

act as acid= -COOH --> -COO + H+ act as base= -NH + H+ --> -NH +

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Draw an amino acid as a) a zwitterion b) at low pH and c) at high pH

:

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What method is used to seperate and identify amino acids from a mixture?

chromatography. amino acids move up paper with solvent but at different rates, colour with ninhydrin to see spots and idenitfy

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What is an addition polymer? What is a condensation polymer?

1-double bond on alkene breaks and they join together 2- two types of monomers with at least 2 functional grups each join together by removal of water molecule

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What are the 3 examples of condesation polymers used in real life that you need to know?

polyamides: 1-Nylon 6,6=1,6-diaminohexane + hexandioic acid 2-Kevlar=benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid + benzene-1,4-diamine polyester: 3-Terylene=benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid + ethane-1,2-diol

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Amines, Amides, Amino Acids and Polymers

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