Anti-biotic matching 1
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- Created by: hadar
- Created on: 03-02-18 13:07
What gram stains purple?
Gram +ve
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What gram stains red?
Gram -ve
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List 2 gram positive staphylococcus
1) staph aureus 2) step epidermidis
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List 2 gram positive streptococcus
1) strep pneumonia 2) step pyogenese
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List 4 gram positive rods
1) clostridium 2) bacillus 3) corynebacteria 4) listeria
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List 2 gram negative cocci
1) Neisseria meningitides 2) Neisseria gonorrhoea
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List 7 gram negative rods
1)E.coli 2) pseudomonas 3)salmonela 4)shigella 5)klebsiella 6)proteus 7)haemophilus
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What antibiotics target the cells wall?
1) penicillins 2) cephalosporins 3) carbepenem 4) glycopeptides
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List the B-lactam antibiotics
1) penicillins 2) cephalosporins 3) carbepenem
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Which antibiotics target DNA replication?
1) quinolones 2) metronidazole
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Which antibiotics target RNA synthesis?
1) Rifamycin (rifampicin)
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Which antibiotics target translocation (protein synthesis)?
1) tetracyclin 2) macrolides 3) chloramphenicol 4)aminoglycosides
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What are the main targets of antibiotics?
1) cell wall 2) translocation/ protein synthesis 3) RNA synthesis 4) DNA synthesis
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What are the mechanisms of drug resistance?
1) inactivation/ modification 2) alteration of target/binding site 3) alteration of metabolic pathway 4) reduced drug accumulation
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What activity do B-lactams have?
Both gram positive and gram negative activity - mainly against gram positive bacteria
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What is amoxicillin commonly used for?
ENT, respiratory and UTI
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What is given in bacteria who have developed B-lactamase activity?
1) co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid) 2) Tazocin (piperacillin+ tazobactam)
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What is the B-lactam spectrum of activity
penicillin (amoxicillin) (narrow) < cephalosporins (cefuroxime) < carbapenems (meropenem) (broad)
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What can't be used to treat MRSA?
insensitive to flucloxacillin and B-lactams
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What can you use for MRSA?
vancomycin
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What is the initial treatment for pneumonia (high risk)?
Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin
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What is the initial treatment for pneumonia (low risk)?
Amoxicillin
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What is the most likely pathogen in pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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What is the most likes pathogen in hospital acquired pneumonia?
Klebsiella and other gram negative
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What pathogen causes colitis after antibiotic treatment?
Clostridium difficile
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What are the worst offenders with regards to antibiotics for C.diff infection?
1)Ciprofloxacin, 2)Cefuroxime, 3)Co-amoxiclav
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How would you treat C.diff?
Stop current antibiotics and start oral metronidazole
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What antibiotic would you give for upper UTI?
IV Cefuroxime
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What antibiotic would you give for lower UTI?
Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, pivmecillinam
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What is the main pathogen to cause UTI?
E.coli= gram -ve rod
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What pathogen causes meningitis in children and young adults?
Neisseria meningitides
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How do you treat meningitis?
IV broad spectrum antibiotics- IV ceftriaxone
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What pathogen causes meningitis in elderly?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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What is the difference between meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia?
Meningitis= CNS only Meningococcal septicemia= CNS+ blood stream infection
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What is the criteria for SIRS?
2 of the following: Temp >38 Heart rate >90 Resp rate >20 WBC >12
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What is sepsis?
SIRS AND a suspected focus of infection
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What is septic shock?
Sepsis and low blood pressure (
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What does SIRS stand for?
systemic inflammatory response syndrome
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How do you manage septic shock?
BUFALO
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What does BUFALO stand for?
blood culture- 2 sets urine output- catheterise to measure fluids-500ml IV saline over 15 minutes. Aim 30ml/kg in 1 hour antibiotics lactate- arterial blood gas for lactate and pH oxygen-15l/min via reservoir face mask
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What pathogen causes cellulitis?
gram positive cocci – Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes
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What is the treatment of cellulitis?
Flucloxacillin
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What pathogen causes/ involved in necrotising fasciitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
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What is the treatment for necrotising fasciitis?
Debridement with Meropenem + clindamycin
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What are the most common pathogens causing infective endocarditis?
- Staph aureus - Streptococci
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What is the treatment for infective endocarditis?
6 weeks combination IV antibiotics depending on causative pathogen
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What predisposes someone for a brain abscess?
immunosuppression, HIV, intravenous drug use, endocarditis
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What are the most common pathogens causing brain abscess?
Staph and streps
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What is the treatment for a brain abscess?
Drainage ABx for 4+ weeks, based on bug
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Which antibiotics should you avoid in pregnancy?
Quinolones (ciprofloxacin) – damage to cartilage Trimethoprim – folic acid antagonist Tetracyclins – deposits and stains bones/teeth
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Which antibiotics are most well tolerated in pregnancy?
Penicillins, cephalosporins, meropenem--> B-lactams
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What antibiotics is used for MRSA?
doxycycline
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What is a measure of procalcitonin used for?
used to help diagnose sepsis in a person who is critically ill
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How test would confirm a diagnosis of endocarditis?
3 sets of blood cultures taken at different times
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What does a test of C-reactive protein show?
If there is an infection present
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What is the most likely pathogen to cause Intravascular catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CRBSI)?
Staphylococcus spp
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What would be the best empirical treatment for CRBSI?
Vancomycin and gentamicin--> anti gram +ve antibiotic good for strep and enterococci not good for gram negative = vancomycin gentamicin is good for gram –ve combination of these 2 will give broad spectrum and allow for the most organisms targeted
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What is flucloxacillin good to use for?
Against most staph aureus mostly in gram +ve but also some –ve
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What is Amoxicillin/ clavulanate (co-amoxiclav) alone good to use for?
Good for respiratory infections
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What is Piperacillin/ tazobactam alone good to use for?
Broad spectrum antibiotic- also active against pseudomonas –not very good against staph aureus
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What is Piperacillin/ tazobactam and vancomycin good to used for?
good for gram -ve and gram +ve
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What is Piperacillin/ tazobactam and gentamicin good to use for?
Good for lots of –ve
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What gram stains red?
Back
Gram -ve
Card 3
Front
List 2 gram positive staphylococcus
Back
Card 4
Front
List 2 gram positive streptococcus
Back
Card 5
Front
List 4 gram positive rods
Back
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