Applied life science revision

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  • Created by: rgrieve05
  • Created on: 16-10-24 16:41
What is a microorgansism?
Any organism too small to be seen by the naked eye
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What is a pathogen?
Microorganisms that cause disease
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What is infection?
The presence of microorganisms causing damage to body tissues.
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Symbiosis
benefits human & not harm the microorganism
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Mutualism
benefits human and microorganim
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commensalism
benefits microorganim & not harm the human
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Pathogenicity
benefits microorganism & harms the human
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Opportunism
a benign microorganim becomes pathogenic because of decreased human host resistance
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Four stages involved in the process of infection
1. Colonisation
2. Invasion
3. Multiplication
4. Spread
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Chain of infection
- Infectious agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
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What process is involved in the multiplication of bacteria?
Binary fission
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Examples of virulence factors
- adhesion molecules
- toxins
- protection against host's inflammatory and immune system
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True or false? Fungi are opportunistic.
True
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What can happen if the immune or inflammatory system becomes compromised?
Infection may rapidly spread
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Course of infection
- Colonisation
- Invasion
- Proliferation
- Transmission
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What are the 4 stages in the clinical infectious disease process?
- Incubation period
- Prodromal stage
- Invasion period
- Convalescence
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Symptoms of flu
- headache
- weakness
- fever
- cough
- muscle ache
- chest discomfort
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What part of the brain regulates temperature?
Hypothalamus
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Definition of pyrexia
Rise in body temperature above the normal i.e. oral temperature (37.2 degrees celsius)
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What are pyrogens?
A circulatory protein agent that produces a fever
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What is involved in cooling?
- Sweating
- vasodilation
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Classes of infectious microorganisms
- Bacterial infection
- Viral infection
- Fungal infection
- Parasitic & protozoal infection
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Structure of prokaryotes
- no enclosed nucleus
- no mitochondria
- no membrane bound organelles
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What are rodlike bacteria called?
Bacilli
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What is the outer shell of a viron called?
Caspid
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What is involved in the viral life cycle?
- Attachment to target cell
- Penetration
Uncoating
- Replication
Assembly
Release
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What is an infection with a fungus called?
Mycosis
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What are fungi called that invade the skin?
Dermatophytes
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What is cell death called?
Necrosis
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Where are Candida albicans found?
Mouth, GI tract, Vagina
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What is a parasite?
Any living thing that lives in or on another living organism
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Infection control practices
- Hand hygiene
- PPE
- Needlestick & sharps injury prevention
- Cleaning & disinfection
- Respiratory hygiene
- Waste disposal
- Social distancing
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How would you control infection?
Antibiotics
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What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
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Examples of antimicrobials
- antibiotics/antibacterials
- antivirals
- antiparasitic agents
- antifungals
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What is new nocturia?
Passing urine more often than usual at night
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Signs and symptoms of a UTI
- urgency
- visible haematuria
- frequency
- suprapubic pain or tenderness
- flank pain
- new incontinence
- new or worsening delirium/debility
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Risk factors of a UTI
- sexual activity
- spermicide use
- post menopause
- positive family history of UTIs
- history of recurrent UTI
- the presence of a foreign body
- insulin-treated diabetes
- recent antibiotics
- poor bladder emptying
- increasing age
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a pathogen?

Back

Microorganisms that cause disease

Card 3

Front

What is infection?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Symbiosis

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Mutualism

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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