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strength of behaviourism

real life application as it forms the basis of many token economy systems today, like prisons and schools- and to phobias.

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another strength of behaviourist approach

scneintfific credibility- brought methods of natural sciences to pysch, observable behaviour in lab settings- emphaised objectivity and replication so was influential in pysch as a scientific dispiline

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weakness of behaviourism

skinners research is very unethical- faced stressful averse conditions in his box experiment may have affected there response, but conditions were very controlled

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environmentally deterministic

sees behaviour as result of past experience, everything we do is sum of our reinforcement history(skinner)- ignoring free will influence on behaviour, skinner said its an illusion- past experience determines outcome

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weakness

mechanistic view of behaviour-machine like responders to enviroment with no concious insight..fails to recognise mental processes- whereas Cognitive approach and SLT do-ppl play an active role in learning- may not apply to human behaviour,

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social learning theory strength

emphaises the importance of cogntive factors is learning, making SLT a more comprehensive explanation of human behaviour. emphaises the role of mediational processes etc

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soft determinism

the slt emphaises how external forces influence us, but we have free will on how to respond to these influences

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strength

accounts for cultural differences and explains how childhood social norms have developed like children imitating a behaviour they see in the media, if they see it to be reinforced.

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weakness

banduras experiment underestimated the role of biological factors- in terms of gender differneces. boys were more agressive than girls, regardless of conditiuons. may be explained by hormonal diffrences- testorone- important difference isnt accounted for

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weakness

over reliance on lab studies, lab settings often critised for their artfical conditions unlike everyday life- demand characteircs may have been present, children may have responded to this. they were behaving in a way which they thought to be normal

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the cogntive approach strength

has employed rigeerous highly scientific- objective methods always by having researchers make inferences about behaviour- use lab settings to produce reliable data- contrubuting to pysch as a science

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strength

emergence of cogntive neuroscience has had real world applicatiions in that its allowed the two fields of biology and pysch to come toghther allowing mental processes to be understood

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strength

has led to the development of enhancing new technologies lilke AI which have a revolutionary effect- makes some jobs more efficient so it revoluntises the workplace functions- however causes social problems like job loss

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weakness

lacks ecological validity so has little application to everyday life- only able to infer processes that are observed in research, suffer from being too abstract and theorectcial in nature- research such as in memory use artifcal tasks, word lists which ma

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less deterministic than other approaches

provides a interactionalist middle ground and is more reasonable than other approaches- founded on soft determnism-cogntive system only operates from what we know(schemas) but we are free to think before responding to a stimulus

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the pyschodynamic approach strength

has explanatory power in explaining how personality develops, abnormal behaviours, moral behaviours and gender- draws between both childhood and are our adult relationships- huge influence on western society contmepary thought, remained dominant force in

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strength

alongside theorectical application, the pyschodyanmic approach also introduced pyschoanalysis-a new form of therapy used widely today when lookin at disorders like depression, it involves..

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carry on

employing a range of techniques to acsess the unconcious such as dream analysis. Pyschoanalysis is the forerunner to many modern day pyschotherapies that have since been established- often critised for being inappropiate on those that have schizophernia.

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suffers from a senstive nature

the pyschodynamic approach is often critised for being heavily sensitive and in some cases absurd so is rarely discussed in non western cultures- sufffers from culture bound differences

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untestable concepts

popper argued that this approach does not meet the needs of scientific criteria like falsification- in the sense that the loose abstract concepts are not open to empircal testing so cant be disproved-many of concepts suggested occur at unconcious level- i

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strength of the biological approach

real life application- because increased understanding of biochemical processes in the brain has led to the development of pyschoactive drugs that treat serious ilnesses like depression- not effective for all patients but have revolutionised treatment for

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why is this is a strength

suffers are able to manage their condition to live a relatively normal life rather than remaining in a hospital.

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strength

uses scientific methods of investigation- in order to invetsigate biological and genetic basis of behaviour- makes use of a range of highly objective and scientific methods FMRIS EEGs, family and twin studies. not open to bias, so is a reliable data appro

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its both reductionalist and deterministic

everything has a biological cause which we have no control of, implications for the legal system and wider society- one of rules of law is that criminals are morally responsible for their action(free will)- but discovery of criminal gene may complicate th

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cannot seperate between nature and nurture

draws casual conclusions

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humanistic approach

a positive approach in that it advocates holsim rather than reductionalism, all other approaches are heavily reductionalist-cogntive approach sees humans as passive information processing machines

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offers a refreshing alternative view

where humans can only be understood by wider contexts and that we have free will to work towards self actualisation- may have more validity as it considers human behaviour in meaningful real world contexts

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uses untestable concepts

includes a range of loose abstract concepts like congurance and self actualisation which are problematic to test under scientific conditions- lacks empircal evidience- so is an anti scientific approach- little impact on dispiline of pysch as a whole

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cultural bias between indivoidualistic and collectivist cultures

Uk and india

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Rogerian therapy has revoluntisd counselling

and maslows hierachy of needs has been used to explain why motivation exists

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