BIology

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Created by: tklmn
Created on: 23-04-20 12:05

pathogen

a disease causing microorganism

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antigens

molecules on the cell-surface membrane of a non-self cell that causes an immune response

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phagocytosis

phagocyte attracted to chemicals from pathogen and binds and engulfs it and puts it in a phagosome, lysomes fuse with phagosome, lysozymes hydrolyse the pathogen, phagocyte absorbs the products, phagocyte presents pathogens antigens on its membrane

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monoclonal antibodies

antibodies produced from clones of one plasma B cell and are complementary to one type of antigen with a specific shape

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vaccine

disease antigens injected into a person to stimulate an immune response

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HIV vs AIDS

HIV is a virus whereas AIDS is the conditions caused by a HIV infection.

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ELISA test part 1

Apply a specific monoclonal antibody to a surface. Wash the surface to remove unattached monoclonal antibodies. Add a blood sample to the surface, if antigens that are complementary to the monoclonal antibody are present, they bind to it.

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ELISA test part 2

Wash the surface to remove excess antigen . Add another monoclonal antibody which is complementary so that it binds to the first monoclonal antibody/antigen. The 2nd antibody has an enzyme attached to it.

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ELISA test part 3

Wash the surface to remove excess from 2nd antibody. Add a substrate to surface, which will change colour if enzyme converts the substrate into product. The amount of antigen present is relative to the intensity of the colour changes that occurs.

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