Biology 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyHealth, illness and diseaseASAQA Created by: EleACCreated on: 01-06-16 11:56 Non-Specific Defences Mechanisms that don’t distinguish between one type of pathogen or another e.g. skin 1 of 15 Specific Defences Mechanisms that do distinguish between different pathogens e.g. lymphocytes 2 of 15 Phagocytosis Pathogens are engulfed into vesicles (called phagosomes) and broken down by enzymes 3 of 15 Antigens Part of an organism that is recognised as non-self and triggers an immune response (usually they are proteins) 4 of 15 Cell-mediated Immunity T lymphocytes recognise antigen-presenting cells that have been invaded and undergo mitosis to respond 5 of 15 Humoral Immunity Immunity involving B cells and antibodies 6 of 15 Antigenic Variability Viruses such as flu have many different strains with different antigens on them 7 of 15 Antibodies Proteins synthesised by B cells, consisting of heavy and light chains and variable and constant regions 8 of 15 Antigen-Antibody Complex Formed when antigens bind to a specific site on the antibody 9 of 15 Complementary Shape Antigens have a shape that means they fit into their specific antibody 10 of 15 Passive Immunity The introduction of antibodies from an outside source 11 of 15 Active Immunity Stimulation of antibody production by the individual’s own immune system 12 of 15 Monoclonal Antibodies Isolation and cloning of a single type of antibody 13 of 15 Vaccination The introduction of a substance into the body with the purpose of stimulating active immunity against a particular disease 14 of 15 Herd Immunity Vaccinating most of a population so that no-one has the disease and transmission is stopped 15 of 15
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