Biology- building blocks of life 0.0 / 5 ? Biologybuilding blocks of lifeUniversityNone Created by: Charli2003!Created on: 20-12-23 15:47 99% of the human body is made up of? Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus 1 of 39 0.85% of the human body is made up of? Potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium 2 of 39 All living things are made up of? Water, smaller molecules, four classes of large biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) 3 of 39 Covalent bonding Non metal bonding by sharing electrons 4 of 39 ionic bonding electrostatic attraction by oppositely charged ions 5 of 39 hydrogen bonding weak electrostatic bonding due to uneven distribution of electrons in some atoms 6 of 39 Monomers single units, smaller molecule 7 of 39 Polymer many monomers polymerized (bonded together), large molecule 8 of 39 Carbohydrate monomer and polymer unit Monosaccharides Polysaccharides 9 of 39 Proteins monomer and polymer unit Amino acid Polypeptides and proteins 10 of 39 Nucleic acid monomer and polymer unit Nucleotide nucleic acid 11 of 39 Monosaccharides Single monomer 12 of 39 Oligosaccharide 2-20 monomers 13 of 39 Polysaccharides 20+ monomers 14 of 39 Starch alpha-glucose molecules join and form polymer 15 of 39 Cellulose Beta-glucose molecules join and form polymer 16 of 39 Amylose linear chains of glucose 17 of 39 Amylopectin branched chains of glucose 18 of 39 Condensation reaction 2 molecules combine to make 1 molecule (peptide bond) 19 of 39 Covalent bond formed from removal of water 20 of 39 Hydrolysis reaction Water breaks down bonds of particular substance 21 of 39 Types of fatty acids Saturated, monunsaturated, polyunsaturated 22 of 39 What are proteins Polymers made of monomers (amino acids) 23 of 39 What are proteins key functions Transport/ store certain molecules, signalling, defence 24 of 39 Four levels of protein structure Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary 25 of 39 Amino acid 1, singular unit 26 of 39 Peptide 2+ amino acid joined 27 of 39 Polypeptide chain of amino acids 28 of 39 Protein 1+ polypeptide = long chains of amino acids help together by peptide bonds 29 of 39 Factors affecting protein structure pH, salt concentration, temperature, environmental factors 30 of 39 denaturation Loss of proteins native structure, biologically inactive 31 of 39 renaturation regains structure and becomes active 32 of 39 Globular proteins tightly folded polypeptide chains e.g. insulin 33 of 39 fibrous proteins parallel polypeptide chains held together e.g. spiders web 34 of 39 Protein importance- enzymatic acceleration of chemical reaction 35 of 39 protein importance- defensive Protects against disease 36 of 39 protein importance- storage stores amino acids 37 of 39 protein importance- transport transports substances 38 of 39 Amino acids categories Aliphatic amino acids Aromatic amino acids Alcohol amino acids Basic amino acids Sulfur-containing amino acids Amide amino acids 39 of 39
Comments
No comments have yet been made