Biology Cells and Cancer revision

What are the correct names and definitions of tissue types?

Epithelial Tissue - Tightly packed cells that form the covering of all internal and external surfaces. Connective Tissue - Loosely packed cells that support and give structure to other organs and tissues in the body while delivering nutrients. Muscle Tiss

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What are the correct definition of stem cells?

Pluripotent Stem Cells(Embryonic) - Can form any other cell type. Multipotent Stem cells(Adult) - Can form a limited set of cells. Induced Pluripotent Cells - Adult somatic cells that have been dedifferentiated into stem cells.

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What is Cancer?

A cellular mutation that causes the uncontrolled growth and division of cells.

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What are the correct properties of cancer cells?

They grow and divide without stimulation from a growth factor and never stop. They spread to other parts of the body. They remain undetected by the immune system. DNA damage does not halt cell division. They can replicate an unlimited number of times.

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What are the correct definitions of benign and malignant

Malignant - Spread all throughout the body and cause secondary tumours(Metastasis). Benign - Do not spread from their site of origin.

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What are the correct information about these cancer causing agents?

Tumour Supressing Genes(like p53) act as the breaks and require both genes to mutate to go wrong. Oncogenes(like Ras) act as the accelerator and only require one mutation to go wrong.

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Epithelial linings of the digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and urethra all form
from the _________layer of the gastrula

Endoderm

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At the time of implantation, the human embryo is called a

Blastocyst

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What are the correct characteristics of stem cells?

They have the ability to continuously divide for long periods of time. They are unspecialised. They can give rise to specialised cell types.

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What four places can tissue-specific (adult) stem cells could be found ?

Bone Marrow, Brain, Heart and Liver

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Where are embryonic stem cells found?

The inner cell mast of the blastocyst

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In what way does the ras oncogene contribute to cancers?

Codes a protein that does not require activation by it's receptor so it's signalling pathway is permanently switched on and leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

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In what way does the p53 gene contribute to cancers?

It stops the cell cycle and allows for damage to be repaired

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What mutations can't give rise to oncognes?

Nonsense and silent mutations because you need increased activity to affect cell division.

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Biology Cells and Cancer revision

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