A structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule packed up with proteins.
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complementary base
pair
Two DNA bases that fit into each other and link by
hydrogen bonds. There are two types of complementary base pair: A linking with T, and C linking with G.
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gene
Section of the long strand of DNA found in a
chromosome, which often contains instructions for a protein.
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allele
Most genes come in different versions, called alleles. So a gene for eye colour may have a version (allele) that can cause dark eyes and an allele that can cause pale eyes.
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genetic diagram
Diagram showing how the alleles in two parents may form different combinations in the offspring when the parents
reproduce.
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homozygous
When both the alleles for a gene are the same in an organism.
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phenotype
The characteristics that a certain set of alleles produce.
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Punnett square
Diagram used to predict the different characteristics in the offspring of two organisms with known combinations of
alleles. You can use the square to work out the probability (how likely it is) that offspring will inherit a certain feature.
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environmental
variation
Differences between organisms caused by environmental factors, such as amount of heat, light, damage. These differences are called acquired characteristics.
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continuous variation
Continuous data can take any value between two limits. Examples include length, mass, time. Continuous variation is when differences in a characteristic are continuous.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Two DNA bases that fit into each other and link by
hydrogen bonds. There are two types of complementary base pair: A linking with T, and C linking with G.
Back
complementary base
pair
Card 3
Front
Section of the long strand of DNA found in a
chromosome, which often contains instructions for a protein.
Back
Card 4
Front
Most genes come in different versions, called alleles. So a gene for eye colour may have a version (allele) that can cause dark eyes and an allele that can cause pale eyes.
Back
Card 5
Front
Diagram showing how the alleles in two parents may form different combinations in the offspring when the parents
reproduce.
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