What are the most frequently occurring elements in living things? (4)
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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What is an element?
pure substances that cannot be broken down further
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Percentages of elements in living things?
65% oxygen, 19% carbon, 10% hydrogen, 3% nitrogen
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Living things mostly consist of compounds containing....
Carbon
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Other less important elements needed by living organisms? (5)
Sulfur, Calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium
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What is calcium needed for?
Calcium is needed to from bone tissue
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What is sulfur needed for?
Sulfur is an important element in amino acids
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What is iron needed for?
Iron is found in haemoglobin (animal)
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What is sodium needed for?
Sodium is needed for nerve impulses
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What is phosphorus needed for?
Found in cell membrane structures
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What are examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose, galactose, fructose
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What are examples of disaccharides?
Maltose, lactose, sucrose
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What are examples of polysaccharides?
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
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What is a function of glucose in animals?
Source of energy, broken down by ATP in respiration
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What is the function of lactose in animals?
Sugar found in milk of mammals
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What is the function of glycogen in animals?
Short term energy storage in liver
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What is the function of fructose in plants?
sweet, good source of energy, can be found in honey and onions
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What is the function of sucrose in plants?
transports and stores energy
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What is the function of cellulose in plants?
strength to cell wall
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What are the 3 main functions of lipids?
Energy storage (fats in animals, oils in plants), Thermal insulation (layer of fat beneath skin), Buoyancy (lipids are less dense than water, helps animals float)
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What is the definition of an organic compound?
Organic compounds are based on carbon and are found in living things?
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What are the examples of inorganic compounds that are based on carbon?
Hydrogen carbonate, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide
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DNA Replication is....
Semi conservative. Each molecule will have "new" and "old strand" (draw diagram in exam)
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Definition of Enzyme
globular protein molecule, accelerates a specific chemical reaction
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Definition of an Active Site
region of an enzyme surfaces that binds the substrate during reaction catalyzed by enzyme.
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Define denaturation
structural change in protein, loss of biological properties
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Define aerobic respiration
A form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate energy.
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Define anaerobic respiration
A form of cellular respiration that occurs when oxygen is absent or scarce.
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Define glycolysis
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
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Define cell respiration
glucose in cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate + small yield of ATP
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Define photosynthesis
conversion of light energy into chemical energy
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What is light from the sun composed of?
range of wavelengths (different colours)
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What is the main photosynthetic pigment?
chlorophyll
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What is light energy used for?
To produce ATP and to split water molecules to form oxygen and hydrogen
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Define photolysis
The decomposition or separation of molecules by the action of light
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ATP and hydrogen are used to fix _____ to make organic molecules?
Carbon Dioxide
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is an element?
Back
pure substances that cannot be broken down further
Card 3
Front
Percentages of elements in living things?
Back
Card 4
Front
Living things mostly consist of compounds containing....
Back
Card 5
Front
Other less important elements needed by living organisms? (5)
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