a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic, consists of a length of DNA and occupies a position on a chromosome known as a locus
4 of 35
Define allele
a specific form of a gene, occupies the same locus as other alleles of that gene
5 of 35
Define genome
total genetic material of an organelle, cell or organism
6 of 35
Define gene pool
total of the genes carried by individual members of a population
7 of 35
Define gene mutation
permanent change in the sequence of base pairs in the DNA that makes up a gene
8 of 35
Define meiosis
a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei
9 of 35
Define homologous chromosomes
two chromosomes, one from each parent that look the same. They show the same binding pattern in a karotype, carry the same genes but not always the same alleles. They pair and split up in meiosis
10 of 35
What happens in karotyping?
chromosomes arrange in pairs according to their size and structure.
11 of 35
Give an example of a gene with multiple alleles
Blood groups -IA, IB, and i.
12 of 35
Define genotype
alleles of an organism
13 of 35
Define phenotype
all the characteristics of an organism. This is written as a word
14 of 35
Define dominant allele
ne which has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is present in the homozygous or heterozygous state
15 of 35
Define recessive allele
one which only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the homozygous state
16 of 35
Define co-dominant alleles
pair of alleles that both affect the phenotype when presentin a heterozygote
17 of 35
Define locus
particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene
18 of 35
Define homozygous
having 2 identical alleles of a gene
19 of 35
Define heterozygous
having 2 different alleles of a gene
20 of 35
Define carrier
an individual that has a recessive allele of a gene that does not have an effect on the phenotype
21 of 35
Define test cross
testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing with a known homozygous recessive.
22 of 35
Some genes are present on the __ chromosome but absent on the __ chromosome
Present on the X chromosome and absent on the Y chromosome
23 of 35
Which is smaller X or Y chromosome?
Y is much smaller.
24 of 35
Give an example of genes that are located only on the X-chromosome
Hemophilia and colour blindess
25 of 35
What are genes for hemophilia and colour blindness sometimes referred as?
"X-linked"
26 of 35
Are conditions that are "x-linked" more common on males or females?
Males
27 of 35
Define Sex linkage
conditions like colour blindess and hemophilia are more common in men than in women and are sex-linked
28 of 35
A human female can be _______ or ______ with respect to sex-linked genes
She can be homozygous or heterozygous
29 of 35
Why is it possible for a female to heterozygous for a sex-linked gene
because she has 2 X chromosomes whereas men only have one.
30 of 35
State Mendel's first law
Law of segregation - "parental factors (genes) are in pairs and split so that one factor is present in each gamete"
31 of 35
State Mendel's second law
Principle of independent assortment - "any of one pair of characteristics may combine with either one of another pair"
32 of 35
Why is possible for genes to be transferred between species?
The amino-acid sequence of the polypeptides translated from them is unchanged because the genetic code is universal
33 of 35
Give an example of when the universal genetic code is useful in humans?
It is possible to introduce a human gene from making insulin into a bacterium
34 of 35
Define clone
group of genetically identical organisms/cells derived from a single parent cell
35 of 35
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Prokaryotic DNA in the form of small loops
Back
What are plasmids?
Card 3
Front
Protein
Back
Card 4
Front
a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic, consists of a length of DNA and occupies a position on a chromosome known as a locus
Back
Card 5
Front
a specific form of a gene, occupies the same locus as other alleles of that gene
Comments
No comments have yet been made