biopsych ; localisation of function
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- Created by: ilovetheoffice
- Created on: 30-05-18 11:18
LOCALISATION OF FUNCTION
DFF
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- localisation v holistic theory
cvbd
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before investigations like broca and wernicke's what was the generally supported brain theory?
holistic theory
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what is the holistic theory?
all parts brain involved in processing thought and action
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what did broca and wernicke argue for?
localisation of function
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which is the idea that?
different parts of the brain perform different tasks adn are involved with different parts of the body
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what then follows about certain areas of brain being damaged?
function associated will also be affected
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- hemispheres of brain and cerebral cortex
dfgd
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what are hemispheres?
the two symmetrical halves of brain
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what is lateralisation?
some functions controlled / dom by particular hemisphere
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what is the outer layer of both menispheres called?
cerebral cortex
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why does this separate us from other animals?
ours is more developed
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why does the cortex appear grey?
location of cell bodies
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- motor / somatosensory / visual and auditory centres
dfgd
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what is the lobe @ the front of the brain?
frontal lobe
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and middle?
parietal lobe
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and back?
occipital lobe
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and bottom?
temporal lobe
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what is at the back of the frontal lobe?
motor area
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what is at the front of the parietal lobe?
somatosensory area
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what is in the occipital lobe?
visual cortex
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and the temporal lobe?
auditory area
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what does motor area control?
voluntary movement in opposite side of body
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damage to this area may result in?
loss of ctrl over fine movements
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what is represented in somatosensory area?
sensory info from skn
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what does amount of area devoted to body part denote?
sensitivity
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for instance receptors for which two places occupy over half somatosensory area?
face and hands
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what can damage to the left hemisphere of the visual area produce blindness in?
right visual field of both eyes
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what does auditory area do?
analyse speech based info
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damage here may produce what?
partial hearing loss
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- language area of the brain
dg
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where is broca's area?
left frontal lobe
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broca's area is responsible for?
speech production
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damage here can cause?
broca's aphasia
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characterised by?
slow / laborious speech lacking fluency
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where is wernicke's area?
left temporal lobe
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which is responsible for?
language comprehension
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and when damaged results in?
wernicke's aphasia
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characterised by?
neologisms as part of content of speech
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and also difficulty doing what?
understanding speech so speech produced fluent but meaningless
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EVALUATION
FGFD
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:) brain scan evidence of localisation
dfgd
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petersen et al used brain scans to demonstrate wernicke's was active whn?
listening task
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and broca's?
reading stask
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tulving et al's LTM study revealed what?
semantic and episodic mems reside in diff parts prefrontal cortex
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why are these brain scan evidences strong?
scientific and objective and soundly scientific
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:) neurosurgical evidence
dfgd
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why are early attempts of this neurosurgical evidence like freeman's bad?
bc he invented the lobotomy and would just brutally and imprecisely severe connections in frontal lobe to ctrl aggression
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neurosurgerystill used today sparingly to treat extreme cases of?
OCD / depression
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dougherty et al reported on how many OCD patients?
44
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that underwent what?
cingulotomy
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which is a procedure involving?
lesioning cingulate gyrus
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at how many weeks did he o a post-surgical followup?
32
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how many met criteria for successful response to surgery?
1/3
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and what % partial response?
14%
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successes of these procedures strongly suggest?
symptoms and behavioirs associated with serious mental disorders localised
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:) case study evidence
df
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who is the neurological damage guy?
phineas gage
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when he was working on the railway there was an ecplosion and what happened?
metre length pole went throguh his cheek behind his eye and yeeted out most of his left crontal lobe
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he survived byt?
personality quick tempered and rude
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EVAL EXTRA
DGF
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:( lashley's research
dfd
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what does his work suggest?
higher cognitive functions are hlistic
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he did what to rats learning a maze
removed areas of the cortex
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and the results?
no area proven more important than any other area in terms of learning the maze ability
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process of learning appeared to require what?
every part cortex rather than particualr area
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this seems to suggest what about learning?
too complex to be localised
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:( plasticity
dgfd
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what is plasticity also called?
cortical remapping
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what happens when brain has become damaged and particular function lost?
rest of brain reorganises to recover lost function
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lashley described this as?
law of equipotentiality
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whereby surviving brain circuits do what?
chip in so same neurological action can be achieved
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
- localisation v holistic theory
Back
cvbd
Card 3
Front
before investigations like broca and wernicke's what was the generally supported brain theory?
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the holistic theory?
Back
Card 5
Front
what did broca and wernicke argue for?
Back
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