BMS1031 Molecular Biology

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Transcription defines the process where by:
DNA is converted to RNA
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DNA is made of which substrates?
Phosphate, pentose sugar and organic bases
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Which Bases are NOT pyrimidines?
Adenine and Guanine
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A nucleoside =
Sugar and base
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Phosphodiester bonds form in which direction?
5' to 3'
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DNA replication is?
semi conservative
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Which statement about DNA polymerase is incorrect?
Moves in a 3' to 5' direction
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How is the 3' to 5' strand get synthesised?
The lagging strand is copied as short fragments which are joined using DNA ligase
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What is the role of topoisomerase during DNA replication?
Relieves twists in DNA ahead to prevent super coiling, by creating a nick ahead of the replication fork
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What is the role of tRNA?
Decodes mRNA for protein synthesis, bringing the correct amino acid to the end of the protein
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Which RNAs have regulatory roles?
miRNA and siRNA
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what are cajal bodies?
Non-membrane bound nuclear substructures that act in RNP biogenesis and the modification of snRNA and snoRNA
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which RNAs make up eukaryotic ribosomes?
28S, 18S, 5.8S, 5S
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Which statement is incorrect about tRNA?
are very large proteins >100 nts
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Where does the promotor region lie on DNA?
Upstream if start site
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RNA polymerase II transcribes which RNAs?
mRNA, miRNA, siRNA, snoRNA, snRNA
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what are the next two stages of transcription called?
Elongation and termination
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UTRs are?
Retained in mRNA but untranslated
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pre-mRNA splicing involves?
2 sequential phosphoryl-transfer reactions to join exons
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What are the benefits of pre-mRNA splicing?
A and B
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Which proteins are NOT used for mRNA export from the nucleus?
eIF4G
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The insertion or deletion of nucleotides that disrupt the reading frame are:
Frameshift mutations
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Which molecules are not involved in translation activation?
RNA polymerase
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eIF4 and eIF4g are involved during translation initiation by?
allowing sm.ribosomal subunit to recognise and bind mRNA
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Bacterial mRNA is often polycistronic, meaning?
Several proteins can be encoded from the same mRNA
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How does the ribosome help form peptide bonds between amino acids?
A and C
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How does rifamycin work?
blocks initiation of RNA chains by binding to RNA polymerase
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Which proteins aid in the co-translational protein folding?
Heat shock proteins
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Peptide bonds do NOT exhibit which quality?
Are very weak and easily broken with low energy reactions
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Secondary structures are held together by which bonds?
Hydrogen, electrostatic and van der waals
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Which statement about alpha helixes is incorrect?
Results from H-bonding between every other AA
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Which secondary structure can either be parallel or antiparallel?
Beta pleated sheets
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Globular domains tend to:
Be found in catalytic and signalling proteins
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What is a protein domain?
An independently folded region with characteristic properties
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Small molecules, ions or macromolecules that form weak bonds to binding sites are:
Ligands
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Which enzyme cleaves polysaccharide chains in bacterial cell walls in hydrolysis reactions?
Lysozyme
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Cofactors are:
Vitamins and minerals thats associate with active sites of an enzyme to increase reactivity
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Which regulation process is incorrect?
control of folding 3' and 4' structures
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

DNA is made of which substrates?

Back

Phosphate, pentose sugar and organic bases

Card 3

Front

Which Bases are NOT pyrimidines?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

A nucleoside =

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Phosphodiester bonds form in which direction?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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