Brazil Flashcards.

About.

7th largest country in the world. Emerging economy experience a great increase in GDO per capita of $900 from 2007 to 2014. Service 70%, industry 25% and agriculture 5%. Demographic transition due to rapidly declining birthrate and ageing population.

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Current Patterns of Migration (1/2).

Net immigrant loss is 1m/2000-04 and 2005-09 slowing to under 200,000 from 2010-14. Increased migration with neighbours such as Chile and Andean states. Emigration slowing of lower skilled migrants to USA/Japan/Europe and increase of higher-skilled.

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Current patterns of Migration (2/2).

Influx of Haitan and African immigrants via transit countries such as Chile and Ecuador. Rise in international labour migrants attracted by construction during 2016 Olympics and 2014 World Cup.

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Changes over time (1/2).

Late 19/20 century, net recipient of immigrants when europeans were attracted to agriculture esp. coffee cultivation for Italian, Germans and Portugese. Japanese were attracted by agriculture and industry. Immigration slowed over past 1.5 century...

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Changes over time (2/2).

80,000 migrants in Brazil than at the start of the century with emigration increased to 1.8m in 2017.

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Haiti (1/2).

Well-developed relationship, National Immigration Council for Brazil enables easy access to visas for Haiti and reduces human trafficking. Immigration grew to 11,000 from 2010-13 and growing, Haitians escape poor education, gender-based violence...

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Haiti (2/2).

...political instability, poverty and unemployment. Many join friends/family in SE for low-skilled jobs in agriculture and factories of Rio Grande do Sul.

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USA (1/2).

Thousands of low-skilled migrants in the USA remit important money and on return have more knowledge, skills and ideas to improve Brazil. Skilled Brazilians are increasingly finding opportunity here especially in teaching/education. Negotiations...

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USA (2/2).

regarding agriculture, trade, finance, education and defence. Ranging from helping Xavante indigenous tribes with forest fires and legislating laws on conserving forestry and sustaining management.

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Portugal.

Strong bilateral relationship. Brazil is a former Portugese colony therefore special status is given to Brazilian emigrants making it a gateway to the EU. Migration in both countries is reciprocated with well-developed diaspora in both.

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Impacts on social equality.

Still inequalities in Brazil between different ethnicities as well as housing provision, service access, education and income. Brazilian-african descents are most affected. Inequalities with poverty concentrated in rural areas or favelas.

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Impacts on political stability (1/2).

Stable democratic political system leading member of Mercosur, G20,OECD and one of BRICs groups of emerging countries. Muscor primarily a trading block with free flow of trade/capital/labour promoting S.American integration and political stability.

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Impacts on political stability (2/2).

Brazil is an important receiver of environmental/political refugees and accept responsibility for their welfare/employment prospects by providing visa cards and working permits.

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Brazil Flashcards.

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