Carbon and water cycle definitions
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- Created by: johnjo2000
- Created on: 06-01-18 18:15
Isolated system
No interactions with anything outside it's boundary
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Closed system
Energy can be transferred into and out of the system but no matter
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Open system
Both energy and matter can be transferred across the system boundary
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Positive feedback
A cyclical sequence that amplifies change. It exacerbates the outputs leading to global instability
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Negative feedback
A cyclical sequence which will dampen down the effects of a system promoting stability and a dynamic equilibrium
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Cascading system
Involves 4 sub-systems (atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere). When these interlock it has an effect on the earth's climate
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Dynamic equilbrium
A state of balance between continuing processes
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Lithosphere
Rigid outer part of the earth including crust and upper mantle
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Hydroshpere
All water near or at the Sarah's surface and atmospheric vapour. It also includes ice on the surface
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Cryosphere
Any frozen part of the earth's system
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Cryospheric processes
The formation of ice forms
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Water balance
Water flowing into and out of the system affecting the amount of water in it
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Biosphere
Any part of the earth that supports life and the organisms that inhabit it
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Atmosphere
A gaseous envelope surrounding the earth
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Precipitation
Any form of water falling from the sky
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Percolation
The slow movement of water through pores in soil and permeable rock
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Ground water
Water beneath the surface if the ground including surface water
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Infiltration
The seepage of water into soil or permeable rock
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Overland flow
The movement of water over the land
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Evaporation
The process of a liquid changing to a gas due to increased temperature or pressure
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Throughflow
The movement water horrizontaly beneath the surface
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Saturation
The degree or extent of which something is dissolved or absorbed compared to maximum capacity
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Ground water flow
The movement of water sideways through soil
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Interception
Where phycial objects prevent precipitation from reaching the ground
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Stem flow
Precipitation flowing along the stems of plants to the ground
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Throughfall
Precipitation falls straight to the ground
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Transpiration
Water is released from plants through the leaves
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Evapotranspiration
An accumulation of evaporated and transpired water
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Channel flow
Downhill movement of water in rivers
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River discharge
The volume of water flowing through a river channel measured in cubic metres per second (cumecs)
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Adiabatic cooling
Reducing heat through a change in air pressure
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Latent heat
Hidden thermal energy
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Melting
Making something liquefied through heating
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Freezing
Reducing temperature below 0°C to make a liquid solid
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Condensation
Atmospheric water vapour liquefying
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Sublimation
Solids turning into a gas without becoming liquid first
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Depsoition
A gas becoming solid without liquefying first
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Latent heat of vaporisation
Energy required to turn a liquid to gas
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Latent heat of fusion
Energy required to turn a solid to liquid
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Latent heat of sublimation
Energy required to turn a solid into a gas
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Ablation
Melting snow or ice that runs of the glacier
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Accumulation
Frozen precipitation or precipitation that freezes on the surface. And the refreezing of meltwater
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Anthropogenic CO2
Human induced or influenced CO2 emissions
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Carbon sequestration
Process of removing carbon from the atmosphere held in a solid or liquid form
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Carbon sink
An area that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it emits
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Greenhouse gas
A gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect
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Weathering
Change or wearing aware due to exposure to the atmosphere
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Radiative forcing
The difference in sunlight absorbed by the earth and sent back to space
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Astronomical forcing
Affects on climate due to the earth's tilt
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Boreal forests
Forested area of the northern north temperate zone dominated by coniferous trees e.g. spruce,fir and pune
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Carbon source
A store of carbon that releases more that it absorbs
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Climate
The average weather of an area for a given period of time
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Climate change
The fluctuations in the earth's climate
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Decomposition
The breakdown of matter by bacteria and fungi
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Deforestation
Removing of trees from an area e.g. a forest
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Fossil fuel
Any hydrocarbon that can be burned for heat or power
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Flux/ flow/transfer
Rate of change between stores
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Global warming
Term given to the increase in global temperatures
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Greenhouse effect
The roles of greenhouse gases (water vapour, CO2, methane etc) in keeping the earth's surface warmer than it would otherwise be
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Greenhouse gas inventory
A statistical compilation of greenhouse gases emitted by a community, state or country
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Ice core
A vertical section of ice from a glacier or ice sheet used to analyse carbon contents in the atmosphere at a given period of time
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Longwave radiation
Radiation emitted greater than 4 micrometres corresponding to the radiation emmited to the atmosphere
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Soil carbon
A major component of the terrestrial biosphere. It states the amount of carbon stored within soil
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Pedosphere
The soil layer of the earth
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Lithology
The process of sediment becoming compacted and solid due to pressure
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Antecedent rainfall
The process of precipitation falling onto already saturated ground
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Energy can be transferred into and out of the system but no matter
Back
Closed system
Card 3
Front
Both energy and matter can be transferred across the system boundary
Back
Card 4
Front
A cyclical sequence that amplifies change. It exacerbates the outputs leading to global instability
Back
Card 5
Front
A cyclical sequence which will dampen down the effects of a system promoting stability and a dynamic equilibrium
Back
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