Care of acutely ill
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- Created by: emilymckee05
- Created on: 13-12-22 14:26
what is released during anaphylaxis and what does it do?
Histamine- blood vessels dilate
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what 3 criteria are needed for anaphylaxis?
1. rapid onset
2. ABC problems
3. skin problems
2. ABC problems
3. skin problems
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what is refractory anaphylaxis?
patient experiencing anaphylaxis who doesn't recover after 2 IM adrenaline doses
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What is anaphylaxis?
an acute allergic reaction to an antigen to which the body becomes hypertensive
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What do you give during anaphylaxis, what ml does it come in and where do you give it?
0.5 ml of adrenaline (comes in 1ml)
anterolateral aspect (middle third of thigh)
anterolateral aspect (middle third of thigh)
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If no response after 5 minutes what do you do?
Another does of IM adrenaline
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What does adrenaline (epinephrine) do?
vasoconstrictor , raises bp, blood vessels re-direct blood to major muscles
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What is the antidote for paracetamol overdoes?
IV Acetylcysteine
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what is the antidote for opioids?
Naloxone
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What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?
(muscle relaxant )
(muscle relaxant )
Flumazenil
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what are the 4 normal breath sounds?
-tracheal
-bronchial
-bronchovesicular
-Vesicular
-bronchial
-bronchovesicular
-Vesicular
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adventitious sounds?
crackles, wheeze, stridor, pleural rub, rhonchi
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pt has loud harsh breathing with exp lasting longer than inspirary, what type of breathing is this?
Bronchial
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pt has soft, low pitched breathing, what type is this?
vescular
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what are the 4 points of the chain of survival?
early recognition and call for help
early crp
early defib
post resus care
early crp
early defib
post resus care
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what is new confusion a sign of?
hypoxia
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what are the 4 causes of airway obstruction?
CNS depression
foreign body
inflammation
infection
foreign body
inflammation
infection
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When assessing breathing what acronym is used?
RATES
(resp rate, auscultate chest, trachea, effort of breathing, spo2 levels.
(resp rate, auscultate chest, trachea, effort of breathing, spo2 levels.
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what is the most common cause of shock?
hypovolemia
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what acronym is used for circulation problems?
MOVE
(place monitor, 02, venous access, ECG)
(place monitor, 02, venous access, ECG)
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Name some indicators of respiratory distress
central cyanosis, leaning forward in tripod position, purse-lipped breathing, paradoxical breathing
(see-saw)
(see-saw)
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What may be present if you see trachea deviation and unilaterial chest expansion
tension pneumothorax
(air in lung)
(air in lung)
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How long do you check CPR ?
5s
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How do you measure urinary output?
Half the patients weight in kg
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How to elicit a pain response?
Trapezium squeeze
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How long do you monitor Sp02 after changing it?
At least 5 mins
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How do you stop 02 therapy?
If pt clinically stable for 2 sets of obs, take off O2 and monitor for at least 5 mins, then again after 1 hour.
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How long does it take for a paracetamol overdose to kick in?
72 hours
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What are the 3 components of asthma?
inflammation
mucus
constriction of bronchi
mucus
constriction of bronchi
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ABCDE for asthma attack?
ABCDE, peak flow, blood gases, give O2, Nebuliser, IV steroids (reduce inflammation)
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What peak flow base-line do you need before you can go home?
75% or over
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What are the 2 types of COPD?
Chronic bronchitis(inflammation &excess mucus)
emphysema(Alveolar membranes breakdown)
emphysema(Alveolar membranes breakdown)
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what are the 2 types of respiratory failure?
T1 (low 02 levels in blood, low CO2)
T2 (low 02 levels in blood, high C02)-risk of acidosis
T2 (low 02 levels in blood, high C02)-risk of acidosis
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What is normal blood pH?
7.35-7.45
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What are the 2 types of pneumonia?
Hospital acquired (48h after coming into hospital)
community acquired (can be bacterial or viral)
community acquired (can be bacterial or viral)
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symptoms of pneumonia?
cough which may be productive, SOB, high temp(above 38.5), body aches
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Once diagnosis of pneumonia confirmed, what next?
chest x-ray within 4 hours, IV antibiotic within 4 hour, 02, CURB65 score 0-4 tells how severe.
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What is a pleural effusion?
fluid/water in the pleural space
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what is a pneumothorax?
Air in the lung
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what is a hemopneumothorax?
blood and air in lings
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what is a heamothorax?
blood in lungs
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where do you put the needle for decompression tension pneumothorax(air cannot escape)?
midclavicular line, 2nd intercostal space
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where is the appex beat located?
left midclavicular line in the 5th intercostal space
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what 3 criteria are needed for anaphylaxis?
Back
1. rapid onset
2. ABC problems
3. skin problems
2. ABC problems
3. skin problems
Card 3
Front
what is refractory anaphylaxis?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is anaphylaxis?
Back
Card 5
Front
What do you give during anaphylaxis, what ml does it come in and where do you give it?
Back
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