Why do large organisms need a specialised exchange surface?
Their low surface area to volume ratio and activity means that simple diffusion via the bodys surface will not be effective enough
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Name four features of a specialised exchange system
- Suitable medium to carry materials - A form of mass transport - A closed system of tubular vessles to carry materials all around the body - A mechanism for moving the transport medium within vessels
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Which suitable medium is used in mammals to transport materials?
Blood
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Why are water based mediums used for transport of materials?
Most materials such as nutrient and ions readily dissolve in water, also water can turn into a gas
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What is mass transport?
A means of transporting large amounts of a material faster than diffusion over large distances
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What is required to move the transport medium within vessels?
A pressure differene between different parts of the system
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How do animals transport materials around the body?
By muscular contraction ora specialised pumping organ such as the heart
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What mechanism maintains the mass flow of the transport medium in one direction?
Valves
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What type of circulatory system do mammals have?
Closed, double circulatory system
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What is a double cirulatory system?
In one cycle the blood passes through the heart twice
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Why do mammals need a double circulatory system?
To maintain a relatively high blood pressure as mammals have a high body temperature and a high rate of metabolism
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What are he three types of blood vessel in a mammals circulatory system?
- Arteries - Veins - Capillaries
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Which blood vessel joins the right ventricle of the heart to the capillaries of the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
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Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Aorta
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Which blood vessel is the first main blood vessel that an oxygen molecule reaches after being absorbed from an alveolus?
Pulmonary vein
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Which blood vessel has the highest blood pressure?
Aorta
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Which blood vessel carries blood to the heart from the rest of the body?
Vena cava
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Which blood vessel carries blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name four features of a specialised exchange system
Back
- Suitable medium to carry materials - A form of mass transport - A closed system of tubular vessles to carry materials all around the body - A mechanism for moving the transport medium within vessels
Card 3
Front
Which suitable medium is used in mammals to transport materials?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why are water based mediums used for transport of materials?
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