Jim Crow laws, worked in agriculture, hard to escape poverty, secregated education
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South voting
Few could vote, 3% in 1940, 12% in 1947
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African Americans North 1945
More well paid jobs, Ford car plants, could vote, 1945 two black congressmen in US house of representitives
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What did the NAACP establish in 1939?
The LDF, legal defense fund - raised money to take cases that would challenge separate but equal
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1944 Smith vs Allwright
a voting rights case which allowed Americans in Texas to vote in Primaries
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1946 Morgan vs Virginia
a ruling that declared segregation on buses illegal
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1948 Shelley vs Kramer
ruled estate agents could not refuse to show and sell houses to black clients
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1950 Mclaurin vs Oklahoma state
George McLaurin could enter University of Oklahoma
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1950 Sweatt vs Painter
a separate but equal law school for Heman Sweatt was not equal to white University of Texas Law school
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CORE
group apply non violence as tactic against segregartion
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Freedom rides CORE
April 10th 1947 CORE sent a group of eight white and eight black men on a two week freedom ride. Travelled through Southern states and aimed to challenge bus segregation
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Result of freedom rides
CORE received a great deal of publicity
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NOI
His program called for creation of a separate black nation, made up of states of Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi
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Why was NOI critisised
Divisive nature of beliefs
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What did Truman do for civil rights?
He established a committee, passed executive orders
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Presidents committee on civil rights
To Secure these rights report October 1947. It called for the federal government to end segregation, lynching made an offence and voting rights
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How did Truman show support for To Secure these rights?
He called for the recommendations in his State of the Union address in 1947 and 1948
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Truman's executive orders
July 1948, two executive orders, end segregation in Armed Forces, Guarantee fair employment practices in federal work
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How did Truman support the NAACP?
He adress the NAACP June 29th 1947, he was the first president and he pledged support
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What was one of Truman's failures for civil rights?
FEPC, set up by Roosevelt, in 1945 ried to end racial discrimination in work, Truman gave no support and could not convince Congress to fund it
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How much had civil rights achieved?
Only 5 states had poll tax, eleven states and 20 cities had fair employment laws and 19 states had some form of law against racial discrimination
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